Seismic analysis and test facilities of deep‐water bridges considering water–structure interaction: A state‐of‐the‐art review

Marine structures located in earthquake‐prone areas may be subjected to coupled earthquake and wave–current action and the underwater shaking table (UST) model test is one of the most effective methods to investigate the dynamic responses of them. However, the strategy of scaled modeling, including the selection of similitude criterion and the implementation of it, plays an important role in the test design, and hence influences the accuracy of response predictions of the prototype. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the strategy of scaled modeling utilized in UST model tests on marine structures subjected to coupled earthquake and wave–current action. The key performance parameters of USTs in service and being built in the world are first introduced. Then, the strategies of scaled modeling adopted in existing UST model tests of bridges, offshore wind turbines, submarine pipelines, and submerged floating tunnels are summarized. Following this, the applicability of current similitude criteria for UST model tests for different research focuses is fully discussed and the specific measure to realize the similitude criteria is concluded. Finally, recommendations for future work on similitude criteria are set out, providing insights into the improvements of the applicability and accuracy of the similitude criteria for UST model tests.

Section: Ustmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introduction To Ustsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Strategy of scaled modeling for underwater shaking table tests on cylindrical marine structures under coupled earthquake and wave–current action: A review

Han,

Li,

Wang

et al. 2023

“…Many researchers have presented simplified testing platforms to investigate the water influence on structures in a water environment by combining a temporarily built water tank on the shaking table 8–13 . More recently, a few sophisticated underwater shaking table systems have been developed in Japan and China 14 . These systems not only provide the seismic vibration function, but also reproduce hydrodynamic forces, wave, and current loading conditions 15–20 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[8][9][10][11][12][13] More recently, a few sophisticated underwater shaking table systems have been developed in Japan and China. 14 These systems not only provide the seismic vibration function, but also reproduce hydrodynamic forces, wave, and current loading conditions. [15][16][17][18][19][20] Normally, the specimen in a shaking table test is scaled from real structures and the scaling process needs to follow the similitude law.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A coordinative scaled model design method with attached plates for underwater shaking table tests

Wei,

Shi,

Chang

et al. 2023

Self Cite

Structures located in the water environment undergo additional hydrodynamic forces induced by fluid–structure interaction under earthquakes, which could increase the dynamic responses and affect the seismic performance of underwater structures. Underwater shaking table tests are generally used to verify the seismic performance of structures by using scaled models. Unlike the traditional shaking table without water, it is difficult to design the scaled model as the traditional similitude law requires the designer to change the mass density of water, which is impossible in reality. As a result, the mass density similitude ratio of water mismatches with that of the specimen, which leads to an inconsistent scale of the hydrodynamic forces and the inertia forces of the specimens. A new scaled model design method based on the coordinative similitude law is proposed. This increases the hydrodynamic forces of the model using attached plates to ensure the consistency of the similitude ratio of hydrodynamic forces and inertia forces. A series of numerical simulations are conducted in ADINA (finite element software) to validate the proposed coordinative scaled model design method with attached plates by comparing with the conventional scaled model (CSM) designed based on the artificial mass modeling method and the prototype under unidirectional and bidirectional earthquakes coupled with hydrodynamic forces. The results show that the maximum relative error of dynamic responses could reach 82.80% between the CSM and the prototype; while it is 25% between the coordinative scaled model with attached plates and the prototype. The coordinative scaled model with attached plates can reproduce the responses of the prototype with high accuracy, and thus it is recommended to be used in the underwater shaking table tests.

An efficient and accurate method of added mass for evaluating the seismic hydrodynamic effect of deep‐water piers

Yang,

Huai,

Pang

et al. 2024

Due to the effects of complex fluid‐structure interaction, deep‐water bridges are more prone to damage under strong earthquakes. Quantification of seismic fluid‐structure interaction can be crucial for evaluating the seismic performance of deep‐water bridges. Currently, there is a lack of suitable methods for rapidly calculating hydrodynamic added mass for deep‐water piers with complex cross‐sectional shapes in the seismic performance assessment of deep‐water bridges. In light of this, the present paper proposed an efficient and accurate method for calculating the hydrodynamic added mass of piers with different cross‐sectional shapes. Taking circular, rectangular, and dumbbell‐shaped piers as examples, the proposed method was employed to calculate the hydrodynamic added mass for deep‐water bridge piers. Comparison of the seismic responses obtained from the analytical formula, fluid‐structure coupling refined numerical model and the proposed method in this paper validated the accuracy of the proposed method. Finally, the hydrodynamic coupling effects of deep‐water bridge piers were also investigated. It was concluded that the proposed method can be efficient and accurate for obtaining the added mass of deep‐water piers.