Seismic analysis of the gas hydrate system at Pointer Ridge offshore SW Taiwan

Abstract

Pointer Ridge is a gas hydrate prospect on the South China Sea continental slope offshore SW Taiwan. It is characterized by densely distributed bottom simulating reflections (BSRs), active gas seepage, and potential sandy gas hydrate reservoirs. To understand how the fluids have migrated toward the seafloor, and the role of geological processes in the gas hydrate system, we have collected and analyzed high-quality 2D and 3D reflection seismic data. We first mapped the spatial distribution of the BSRs, and interpreted a major normal fault, Pointer Ridge Fault (PR Fault). The NE-SW trending fault dips to the east, and separates the erosional regime to the west from the depositional regime to the east.One active vent site was identified directly above the PR Fault, while another is located on a topographic high to the west of the fault. On the hanging block of the fault we found at least one major unconformity.The seismic data indicate refilled channels with coarser-grained sediments in the hanging wall of the normal fault. Seismic attribute analysis shows subsurface fluid conduits and potential gas hydrate reservoirs. We propose two types of gas chimneys, which are separated by the fault. Gas plumes derived from hydroacoustic data are mostly from the footwall block of the fault. We infer that fluid flow is more active in the erosional environment compared to the depositional one, is the result of reduced overburden. The methane-bearing fluids migrate upward along the PR Fault and chimneys and form hydrates above the base of the gas hydrate stability zone. Based on seismic interpretation and seismic attribute analysis, we postulate that the channel infill constitutes the most promising hydrate reservoirs in this geological setting. In the surveyed area of Pointer Ridge these channels occur mainly below the gas hydrate stability zone.

Gas Hydrate Accumulation and Occurrence Associated with Cold Seep Systems in the Northern South China Sea: An Overview

“…Based on the seismic profile crossing the Site F (Formosa ridge) cold seep in the Taixinan Basin, the gas chimneys that constitute the migration pathway by which the deep gas leaks into the seabed and forms a cold seep were identified [53,124]. In addition, mud diapirs and gas chimneys that directly connect the BSR with the seabed and constitute gas migration and leakage pathways were also identified in Pointer Ridge in the Taixinan Basin, forming cold seeps and gas plumes on the seabed [126,127].…”

The Influence of Gas Hydrate Morphology on Reservoir Permeability and Geophysical Shear Wave Remote Sensing

“…Such estimates are also needed for assessing the role of hydrates in geohazards, and their energy resource potential. It is well known that the presence of hydrate in sediments changes elastic wave velocity and attenuation, electrical resistivity and intrinsic permeability; the extent of change depends on the amount (saturation) and distribution (morphology) of hydrate (Attias et al., 2016; Bauer et al., 2015; Chand et al., 2004; Chen et al., 2014; Crutchley et al., 2010; Dai & Seol, 2014; Ecker et al., 1998; Guerin & Goldberg, 2005; Han et al., 2019; Helgerud et al., 1999; Kwon et al., 2011; Lee, 2008; Lee & Collett, 2013; Nimblett & Ruppel, 2003; Ojha et al., 2010; Pecher et al., 1996; Sahoo, Chi, et al., 2018; Singhroha et al., 2020; Spangenberg & Kulenkampff, 2006; Vadakkepuliyambatta et al., 2015).…”