“…Figures 3(a)-(c) show good agreement between the analytical values of hie and those of the formulae (Eqs. (4)- (6)), both derived in a previous study (Huang and Kang, 2008b) for q=309 , 359 , and 409 , respectively. (7) is that the value of`kh/(1-kv)' represents a pseudo-static gravitational state for the soil mass subjected to horizontal and vertical seismic loadings, as used in the Mononobe-Okabe seismic earth pressure theory (Mononobe, 1924;Okabe, 1924).…”