Seismic capacity evaluation of unreinforced masonry residential buildings in Albania

Bilgin, Hüseyin; Korini, Oltion

doi:10.5194/nhess-12-3753-2012

Cited by 16 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The concrete used in these tie elements is generally of class C16 or lower. Similarly, the steel grade typically employed in these buildings is S220, as reported [27].…”

Section: Residential Buildingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reflections from the 2019 Durrës Earthquakes: An Earthquake Engineering Evaluation for Masonry Typologies

Bilgin,

Leti,

Shehu

et al. 2023

Buildings

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Two earthquakes struck the NW region of Albanian territory on 21 September 2019 (Mw = 5.6) and on 26 November 2019 (Mw = 6.4). The epicenters of the seismic activity were located offshore NW Durrës, one of Albania’s most populated cities, located 30 km from the capital Tirana. Various aftershocks followed subsequently. While there were no reported injuries, a number of buildings sustained significant damage near the epicenter following the initial event. Subsequently, during the second event, there was loss of life and extensive damage to civilian structures, resulting in multiple collapses. This study focuses on the earthquake damages observed in residential and public buildings in the earthquake-affected region. The earthquakes predominantly affected low-rise masonry buildings, while the newly constructed RC structures built according to the latest seismic rules were almost unaffected. The commonly encountered building typologies in the region, together with photos showing the amount of destruction are presented here. As observed by the authors during the reconnaissance visit to the stricken area, examples of various damage patterns are presented, along with a technically substantiated description of the reasons for those damages. Although modern buildings during recent earthquakes in the region show acceptable performance, the detailed surveys from the Durrës Earthquakes showed that there is still an important level of deficiency in current masonry buildings built by conventional methods and materials. This problem may reoccur in future earthquakes that may hit other rural regions of Albania, which must be focused on systematically in the near future.

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“…The concrete used in these tie elements is generally of class C16 or lower. Similarly, the steel grade typically employed in these buildings is S220, as reported [27].…”

Section: Residential Buildingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reflections from the 2019 Durrës Earthquakes: An Earthquake Engineering Evaluation for Masonry Typologies

Bilgin,

Leti,

Shehu

et al. 2023

Buildings

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“…In the last few decades, many researches have been conducted to investigate the efficient measures to mitigate the risk of earthquakes on buildings. Regarding to masonry buildings, the attention was relatively low with prime focus on historical buildings [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. Investigations showed that the building is susceptible to heavy damages and collapse when subjected to the specified moderate to high seismic intensities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seismic performance of masonry buildings in Iraq

Alkenanee¹,

Alrudaini²

2023

Res. Eng. Struct. Mater.

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Masonry buildings in seismic active regions experienced severe damages and collapses during earthquakes. Many researches were published concerning the seismic assessment of masonry buildings. Almost, all previous studies focused on historical buildings located in different regions in the world. This paper evaluates the seismic performance of ordinary residential masonry buildings located in three different regions in Iraq with various seismic intensities. Masonry buildings included houses, public and commercial buildings are common construction practice in Iraq. A three dimensional finite element modeling was adopted for the investigations in which nonlinear static pushover analyses were conducted to derive capacity curves of the building models. The finite element model was verified against experimental results presented in the literature. Capacity curves were compared with seismic capacity demands derived for each building model in both perpendicular principle axes. Two house building models with semi-regular and irregular plan layouts were considered in the investigations. The influence of the strength of the local clay bricks and the quality of the mortar on the seismic performance of the buildings was considered. Investigations have demonstrated that the plan layout and the strength of bricks and mortar are significantly influencing the seismic performance of the considered masonry buildings. For the considered models, the base shear capacity of the semi-regular house and that for the irregular house model have increased up to 233 % and 100 %, respectively by increasing strength of clay bricks from 9 MPa to 18 MPa. Using cement sand mortar with a compressive strength of 15.2 MPa rather than lime mortar that have compressive strength equal to 3.1 MPa contributes in increasing building shear capacity up to 20 %. Seismic vulnerability of masonry buildings in the considered cities with low to medium seismic intensities could be averted by using relatively high strength mortar and brick as well as adopting regular plans.

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“…The diversity of modelling needs has driven to the development of several approaches with different levels of detail regarding the material discretization (Roca et al 2010). Finite Elements (FE) continuum macro-mechanical modelling approaches are commonly adopted to address simplified and practice-oriented simulations of masonry walls subjected to in-plane and out-of-plane actions (Saloustros et al 2017b;Saloustros, Cervera, and Pelà 2019;Pantò et al 2019;Kouris and Kappos 2012;D'Ambra, Lignola, and Prota 2016;Endo et al 2015;Bilgin and Korini 2014;Spyrakos and Francioso 2012). Macro-models do not make any distinction between units and mortar joints, and masonry is represented as a continuous homogeneous material in a simplified manner.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical Modelling of Traditional Buildings Composed of Timber Frames and Masonry Walls under Seismic Loading

Jiménez

Pelà

2022

International Journal of Architectural Heritage

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Existing heritage buildings are often composed of diverse materials and structural typologies, representing a challenge for structural analysis tasks. This work investigates the combined use of simple Lumped Plasticity Models (LPM) and macro-mechanical Finite Element (FE) approaches to evaluate the seismic response of structures composed of timber frames and masonry walls. The calibration of these engineering models is derived from a wide set of nonlinear static analyses reproducing benchmark experiments on timber and masonry specimens. The LPM and FE models are used eventually to appraise the seismic response of two existing timber-masonry hybrid buildings, located in the historical centre of Valparaíso, Chile. The nonlinear analyses performed with these models predict the accelerationdisplacement capacity of the buildings under seismic-like horizontal loading, revealing their potential local and global failure mechanisms.

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Seismic capacity evaluation of unreinforced masonry residential buildings in Albania

Cited by 16 publications

References 16 publications

Reflections from the 2019 Durrës Earthquakes: An Earthquake Engineering Evaluation for Masonry Typologies

Reflections from the 2019 Durrës Earthquakes: An Earthquake Engineering Evaluation for Masonry Typologies

Seismic performance of masonry buildings in Iraq

Numerical Modelling of Traditional Buildings Composed of Timber Frames and Masonry Walls under Seismic Loading

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