Seismic Constraints on Crustal and Uppermost Mantle Structure Beneath the Hawaiian Swell: Implications for Plume‐Lithosphere Interactions

Le, Ba Manh; Yang, Ting; Morgan, Jason Phipps

doi:10.1029/2021jb023822

Cited by 5 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 120 publications

(247 reference statements)

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“…1C). Finally, local and global seismic imaging indicates that beneath Hawaii zLAB1 ∼ 40 to 90 km [e.g., ( 8 , 31 , 32 ); see green triangles in Fig. 1C].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Destruction and regrowth of lithospheric mantle beneath large igneous provinces

Stephenson,

Ball,

Richards

2023

Sci. Adv.

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Large igneous provinces (LIPs) are formed by enormous (i.e., frequently >10 6 km 3 ) but short-lived magmatic events that have profound effects upon global geodynamic, tectonic, and environmental processes. Lithospheric structure is known to modulate mantle melting, yet its evolution during and after such dramatic periods of magmatism is poorly constrained. Using geochemical and seismological observations, we find that magmatism is associated with thin (i.e., ≲80 km) lithosphere and we reveal a striking positive correlation between the thickness of modern-day lithosphere beneath LIPs and time since eruption. Oceanic lithosphere rethickens to 125 km, while continental regions reach >190 km. Our results point to systematic destruction and subsequent regrowth of lithospheric mantle during and after LIP emplacement and recratonization of the continents following eruption. These insights have implications for the stability, age, and composition of ancient, thick, and chemically distinct lithospheric roots, the distribution of economic resources, and emissions of chemical species that force catastrophic environmental change.

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“…1C). Finally, local and global seismic imaging indicates that beneath Hawaii zLAB1 ∼ 40 to 90 km [e.g., ( 8 , 31 , 32 ); see green triangles in Fig. 1C].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Destruction and regrowth of lithospheric mantle beneath large igneous provinces

Stephenson,

Ball,

Richards

2023

Sci. Adv.

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“…The depleted restite root has been suggested by Yamamoto and Phipps Morgan (2009) for the sublithospheric structure of Hawaii. In addition, there are several other places on Earth where the presence of a thick dehydrated plume residue at the base of the lithosphere has been suggested, including Hawaii (Le et al., 2022), OJP (Isse et al., 2021; Tharimena et al., 2016), Réunion and Mauritius (Hable et al., 2019), and the Tristan da Cunha archipelago (Schlömer et al., 2017). In particular, previous geochemical analysis results have provided evidence that the flood basalts in our study region were genetically linked to the OJP (e.g., Castillo et al., 1994; Mahoney, 1987), which suggests that they might have been fed by lateral lava flow from the mantle plume that generated the OJP by a magma plumbing system or sublithospheric channeling (Ernst, 2014).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seismic Velocity Structure of Upper Mantle Beneath the Oldest Pacific Seafloor: Insights From Finite‐Frequency Tomography

Kang,

Kim,

Hung

et al. 2023

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

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The oldest oceanic basin (160–180 Ma) in the western Pacific is the birthplace of the Pacific Plate and is thus essential for understanding the formation and evolution of the oceanic plate. However, the upper mantle structure beneath the region has not been thoroughly investigated because of the remoteness and difficulties of long‐term in situ seismic measurements at the ocean bottom. From 2018 to 2019, the Oldest‐1 experiment on the oldest seafloor was conducted as part of the international Pacific Array initiative. We present the first three‐dimensional P‐wave velocity structure down to a depth of 350 km based on the relative travel time residuals of teleseismic earthquakes recorded by 11 broadband ocean‐bottom seismometers operated during the Oldest‐1 experiment. Our result shows a fast P‐wave velocity anomaly (VP perturbation of 2%–4% faster than average) at a depth of 95–185 km beneath the northeast of the study area. This structure is interpreted as evidence of dry, viscous, and rigid materials at depths below the lithosphere. Two slow anomalies (VP perturbation of 2%–4% slower than average) are seen beneath the southwestern and eastern (the oldest seafloor >170 Ma) parts of the array site. The low‐velocity zones are found at depths of 95–305 km. The observed velocity structures can be indicative of plume activities that affected the upper mantle as the Pacific Plate migrated over hotspots from the southeast. Alternatively, the observed velocity features may provide seismic evidence for small‐scale sublithospheric convection.

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“…Checkerboard input models were employed in the first test, featuring alternating positive and negative 15% velocity perturbations relative to the mean at each period [57,58]. Additionally, a 1% random error was introduced to the synthetic phase velocity to simulate measurement errors [2]. Using identical parameters as the actual inversion, we recovered the anomaly patterns (Figure 4).…”

Section: Resolution Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hotspots, geological phenomena marked by concentrated volcanic activity, are found in various locations worldwide, with approximately 30% occurring within continents or along continental margins [1]. While oceanic hotspots are characterized by relatively straightforward interactions with thin and uniform oceanic lithospheres (e.g., [2]), continental hotspots, referring to hotspots located within continents or along continental margins, can give rise to more complex magmatism within the heterogeneous continental lithosphere [3,4]. These continental hotspots can manifest as multi-magma chambers, facilitate the migration of magma and hydrothermal fluids, or lead to magma pooling beneath thinned lithospheric sections [3,[5][6][7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Magmatic Patterns Formed by the Interaction of the Hainan Mantle Plume and Lei–Qiong Crust Revealed through Seismic Ambient Noise Imaging

Pan,

Yang,

et al. 2024

Geosciences

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Magmatism on continental lithospheres induced by mantle plumes is more complex compared to oceanic intraplate volcanism owing to the heterogeneous nature of continental crustal and lithospheric structures. Substantial evidence points to the deep-oriented Hainan mantle plume beneath the Lei–Qiong region, the southernmost of the South China block. In this study, we present a detailed shear wave velocity model of the crust and uppermost mantle in the Lei–Qiong volcanic region, derived from 3-year seismic data (2016–2018) from 34 stations and the use of the ambient noise tomography method. An evident columnar low-velocity anomaly was imaged in the crust and uppermost mantle beneath the Wushi Sag (WSS), Beibu Gulf, potentially suggesting that the center of either one branch or the entirety of the Hainan mantle plume impacts the crust here. This low-velocity anomaly is overlaid by a local Moho deepening, indicative of underplating beneath the existing crust. The Maanling–Leihuling Volcanic Field (MLVF) in northern Hainan Island, previously considered the center of the hotspot, does not exhibit such distinct velocity anomalies. Instead, subtle lower crustal anomalies beneath the MLVF are linked with the upper mantle low-velocity zone beneath the WSS. Additionally, the high-conductivity bodies beneath the MLVF indicate lateral magma transport. Earthquake swarms and deep-seated seismic events beneath the WSS further support the presence of magmatic processes. This study indicates that in the Lei–Qiong region, the interaction of the continental crust with the mantle plume centered in the WSS results in magma exhibiting both vertical ascent and lateral migration, leading to a dual low-velocity shear wave pattern in the upper crust, which significantly influences the surface volcanic activity.

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Seismic Constraints on Crustal and Uppermost Mantle Structure Beneath the Hawaiian Swell: Implications for Plume‐Lithosphere Interactions

Cited by 5 publications

References 120 publications

Destruction and regrowth of lithospheric mantle beneath large igneous provinces

Destruction and regrowth of lithospheric mantle beneath large igneous provinces

Seismic Velocity Structure of Upper Mantle Beneath the Oldest Pacific Seafloor: Insights From Finite‐Frequency Tomography

The Magmatic Patterns Formed by the Interaction of the Hainan Mantle Plume and Lei–Qiong Crust Revealed through Seismic Ambient Noise Imaging

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