Seismic damage and functional loss of ceiling systems: Observation in shaking table test of hospital specimen

Qi, Liangjie; Kurata, Masahiro; Huang, Jiantao; Kawamata, Yuji; Aida, Shinji; Cho, Kosai; Kanao, Iori; Takaoka, Masashi

doi:10.1002/eqe.3900

Cited by 5 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 32 publications

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“…There are a wide variety of building services, including electrical; heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC); sanitary; vertical transport; and life safety (i.e., fire safety in indoor environments [18]) systems. Numerous studies [19][20][21][22][23], including full-scale experiments, numerical analyses, and earthquake damage surveys, have demonstrated that building services components are typically vulnerable to building shaking, yet they can be protected via improved building design [24]. A post-earthquake functionality evaluation of the building services is therefore an important element in measuring the seismic resilience of buildings [25] to support engineering decision-making.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Post-earthquake building services downtime distribution: a case study of the 2016 Kumamoto, Japan, earthquake

Nishino

2024

Archit. Struct. Constr.

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Seismic damage to building services systems, that is, mechanical, electrical, and plumbing systems in buildings related to energy and indoor environments, affects the functionality of buildings. Assessing post-earthquake functionality is useful for enhancing the seismic resilience of buildings via improved design. Such assessments require a model for predicting the time required to restore building services. This study analyzes the downtime data for 250 instances of damage to building services components caused by the 2016 Kumamoto earthquake in Japan, presumably obtained from buildings with minor or no structural damage. The objectives of this study are (1) to determine the empirical downtime distribution of building services components and (2) to assess the dependence of the downtime on explanatory variables. A survival analysis, which is a statistical technique for analyzing time-to-event data, reveals that (1) the median downtime of building services components was 90 days and, 7 months after the earthquake, the empirical non-restoration probability was approximately 32%, (2) the services type and the building use are explanatory variables having a statistically significant effect on the downtime of building services components, (3) the log-logistic regression model reasonably captures the trend of the restoration of building services components, (4) medical and welfare facilities and hotels restored building services components relatively quickly, and (5) the 7-month restoration probability was observed to be highest for electrical systems, followed by sanitary systems, then heating, ventilation, and air conditioning systems, and finally life safety systems. These results provide useful information to support the resilience-based seismic design of buildings.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Post-earthquake building services downtime distribution: a case study of the 2016 Kumamoto, Japan, earthquake

Nishino

2024

Archit. Struct. Constr.

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Structural and non‐structural numerical blind prediction of shaking table experimental tests on fixed‐base and base‐isolated hospitals

Mazza,

Donnici,

Labernarda

2024

Earthq Engng Struct Dyn

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Base‐isolated hospitals are frequently preferred to fixed‐base ones because of their improved seismic structural performance. Despite this, the question remains open on the advisability of using this modern seismic protection technology in preference to other conventional solutions, on the grounds of a holistic approach based on limiting non‐structural damage as well as continuity of service to the community in the aftermath of an earthquake. Two full‐scale four‐storey (fixed‐base) and three‐storey (base‐isolated) hospital buildings have been recently built and subjected to three‐dimensional shaking table tests at the National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Prevention (Japan), with particular attention to evaluating and classifying functionality of non‐structural components and vital medical equipment. A two‐phase experimental campaign was carried out considering two earthquakes scaled at different intensity levels and applied along the horizontal and vertical directions. The current study aims to provide results of a numerical structural and non‐structural blind prediction of these hospital settings. A homemade numerical code is developed to account for lumped plasticity modelling of steel frame members and variability of the friction coefficient of spherical sliding bearings. Moreover, three non‐structural components are modelled in the fixed‐base structure: that is, elastic single degree of freedom systems representing two tanks filled with sand at the top floor; elastic beam elements for piping at the third floor; five‐element macro‐model for the in‐plane‐out‐of‐plane nonlinear response of partition walls at the first floor. The identification of predominant vibration periods of the fixed‐base structure is carried out using a homemade numerical code based on the continuous wavelet transforms in combination with the complex Morlet wavelet. Finally, the sliding and rocking motion of three items of medical equipment (i.e., incubator at third floor, dialysis machine at second floor and surgical bed at first floor) are analysed by means of a homemade numerical code, considering acceleration time histories of selected structural nodes of the fixed‐base structure.

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Insights from large‐scale shake table testing: Key criticisms and potential solutions

Hayashi,

Nakashima

2024

Earthq Engng Struct Dyn

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This article presents the authors' experience with large‐scale shaking table tests conducted in Japan using the E‐Defense shaking table. The discussion focuses on four criticisms often addressed regarding the utilities of large‐scale shaking table tests. Potential solutions to mitigate such criticisms are discussed based on shaking table tests conducted for a pair of three‐story wooden houses. The first criticism is that the test specimen anchored rigidly to a rigid shaking table is not a reproduction of actual structures supported by soils and foundations. A model ground was developed in a large sandbox, which occupied about 85% of the total specimen weight, supported the house, and the entire soil‐structure system was shaken. Considerable sliding occurred, having lessened the earthquake forces exerted and resultant damage to the superstructure. The second criticism is that a single specimen test, regardless of its size, cannot provide sufficient information for generalizing the behavior and performance. Empirical equations between the maximum story drift and the change in the natural frequency were developed from a series of shaking table tests. Using such empirical equations might promote quick damage assessment of individual houses when suffering from actual earthquakes. The third criticism is the importance of public appeal and eventual support from the general public to secure the budget to operate large‐scale testing facilities. The example test featured two nearly identical specimens placed on the table with different support conditions. The apparent difference in response revealed the effect of support conditions on seismic performance. The fourth criticism is the importance of increasing the number of experimental projects to balance the operation budget. Most of the preparation in the example test was accomplished in an open yard adjacent to the shaking table, and the test specimens were quickly assembled on the table using indoor cranes. The table occupation was four out of 35 weeks of the entire test duration.

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Seismic damage and functional loss of ceiling systems: Observation in shaking table test of hospital specimen

Cited by 5 publications

References 32 publications

Post-earthquake building services downtime distribution: a case study of the 2016 Kumamoto, Japan, earthquake

Post-earthquake building services downtime distribution: a case study of the 2016 Kumamoto, Japan, earthquake

Structural and non‐structural numerical blind prediction of shaking table experimental tests on fixed‐base and base‐isolated hospitals

Insights from large‐scale shake table testing: Key criticisms and potential solutions

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