“…As a result, seismic design aims to increase the structural systems' capacity during ground motion by incorporating various structural combinations such as moment frames (Rahnavard et al, 2018;Naghavi et al, 2019;Rahnavard et al, 2018), shear walls (Rahnavard et al, 2018) and braced frames, although these systems compromise the modularity (Ashcroft et al, 2019). Previous studies also found that the upper sections of the structures are the most crucial as they are affected by both the soil stiffness, probable ground liquefaction characteristics (Wang et al, 2019) and structural motions (Rahnavard et al, 2018;Radkia et al, 2020;Etedali et al, 2020;Lanzi and Luco, 2018;Tsai et al, 2019). So, to predict these damage due to ground motion, various analytical approaches are adopted, such as a simplified single-degree-of-freedom system (Adam et al, 2004;Miranda and Akkar, 2003;Williamson, 2003;Takizawa et al, 1980), use of finite-element analysis to measure the structural response (Williamson, 2003;Takizawa et al, 1980;Bhaurkar and Thakur, 2019) and recently emerged incremental dynamic analysis (Zareian et al, 2010;Medina et al, 2006;Vamvatsikos and Cornell, 2002;Zareian et al, 2007;Moradipour et al, 2013).…”