Seismic Damage to Structures in the 2015 Nepal Earthquake Sequences

Chen, Hao; Xie, Quancai; Li, Zhiqiang; Xue, Wen; Liu, Kang

doi:10.1080/13632469.2016.1185055

Cited by 30 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Contrary to observed PGA-landslide density correlations shown for several other large earthquake-landsliding events (Meunier et al 2007, Li et al 2017, landslide density for the Gorkha event correlated poorly with PGA (Martha et al 2017, Gallen et al 2017, Roback et al 2017, likely because PGA is not generally strongly correlated with landsliding compared to other ground motion characteristics (Rathje and Antonakos 2011, Travasarou 2007, Athanasopoulos-Zekkos et al 2016) but also because ground motion intensities (including PGA) are poorly known for this event given the lack of strong ground motion instrumentation, as indicated by the USGS ShakeMap Class C ranking (USGS 2015b). Landslide source areas and total areas were identified separately, allowing for an investigation of the relationship between the two.…”

Section: Regional Landsliding Patternscontrasting

confidence: 62%

“…As a result, 8 million people were affected including 9,000 and 23,000 earthquake-related fatalities and injuries, respectively (Simkhada et al 2015). In addition, approximately 2.8 million people were displaced and about 755,549 buildings were destroyed or damaged, 75% of which were private dwellings (Gautam andChaulagain 2016, Goldberg 2015). Total damages…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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2017

Earthquake Spectra

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The Earthquake Engineering Research Institute operates Earthquake Spectra with the purpose of improving the practice of earthquake hazards mitigation, preparedness, and recovery. It is intended to serve the informational needs of the diverse professions engaged in earthquake hazards reduction: civil, geotechnical, mechanical, and structural engineers; geologists, seismologists, and other earth scientists; architects and city planners; public officials; social scientists; and researchers in all these disciplines. Earthquake Spectra serves as the top publication venue for manuscripts in these diverse fields that address issues relevant to practice, including new analysis methods and seismic risk assessment procedures; innovations in earthquake-related codes, regulations, and public policy; documentation of field performance of civil infrastructure and other earthquake effects from post-earthquake investigations; and reports describing data gathered from major experimental research programs.

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Section: Regional Landsliding Patternscontrasting

confidence: 62%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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2017

Earthquake Spectra

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“…Additionally, the damage histogram for the masonry buildings within the historical center of Bhaktapur is subdivided based on the number of stories, shown in Figure 15. Although some authors reported that height was one of the main causes influencing the seismic behavior of buildings during the earthquake (Chen et al 2017), our statistics in Bhaktapur do not In this evaluation, only buildings with two (26 buildings), three (60 buildings), four (74 buildings), and five stories (23 buildings) were considered. Buildings with one story were only excluded by the evaluation because they are very seldom seen in Bhaktapurin the studied stock, only one single story building was present-and, therefore, they are not representative from a statistical point of view.…”

Section: Seismic Damage Of Conventional Urm Buildings Traditional Assesmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Unreinforced masonry (URM) structures were recognized as the most vulnerable and in many cases experienced severe damage. Damage was prevalent throughout several monuments and dwellings that form valuable historic centers and are classified as UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) sites (Gautam 2017). Most of these sites are situated in the Kathmandu Valley, which contains the highest housing density in Nepal.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Damage Reconnaissance of Unreinforced Masonry Bearing Wall Buildings after the 2015 Gorkha, Nepal, Earthquake

et al. 2017

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This paper documents and analyzes the seismic behavior of unreinforced masonry (URM) buildings that were damaged by the 2015 Gorkha earthquake in Nepal, and reports on the performance of palaces, giving an overview on the failures suffered by significant examples of these monumental buildings. Field reconnaissance was completed through both rapid, in-situ visual assessment and state-of-the-art procedures utilizing light detection and ranging (lidar) and virtual reality (VR) technologies. Both the visual and virtual assessments were compared for 20 structures and were generally consistent; however, the virtual assessment process enabled detection of damage that could not be captured or was difficult to distinguish in the field observations. Further, both in-plane and out-of-plane mechanisms were analyzed and attributed to specific structural deficiencies that usually characterize poorly detailed masonry buildings. Moreover, wall overturning was correlated with the peculiarities of the pseudo-accelerations and rocking response spectra of the earthquake.

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“…Many researchers have published papers on the field reconnaissance of the mega earthquake sequences. High-intensity damages were found in ancient temples (Rai et al 2016b), residential buildings inside and outside Kathmandu Valley (Rai et al 2016a;Chen et al 2016). However, some public gathering places, such as schools, shopping malls and hospitals, received necessary attention, which is also reflected in the Nepal Building Codes (NBC105 1994).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seismic damage to schools subjected to Nepal earthquakes, 2015

et al. 2017

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Schools are the gathering place of the young generation. They are expected to act as a refuge after an earthquake. Even though Nepal has no building supervision system, the quality of school buildings receives necessary attention. During a field study conducted in mid-June, we summarised the seismic damage to 12 schools with various types of structures, including local characteristic reinforced concrete frames, cement-bonded or mud-bonded masonry and timber frames. The pros and cons of local construction technologies are discussed. Some interesting earthquake phenomena, such as the effects of forward directivity, site configuration, earthquake sequence and safe distance from a slope, are discussed. The geo-security evaluation of a proposed school site in mountainous Baramchi is also conducted.

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Seismic Damage to Structures in the 2015 Nepal Earthquake Sequences

Cited by 30 publications

References 10 publications

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Damage Reconnaissance of Unreinforced Masonry Bearing Wall Buildings after the 2015 Gorkha, Nepal, Earthquake

Seismic damage to schools subjected to Nepal earthquakes, 2015

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