Seismic deformation in the St. Simeon Monasteries (Qal'at Sim'an), Northwestern Syria

Karakhanian, A.; Трифонов, В. Г.; Ivanova, T. P.; Avagyan, Ara; Rukieh, M.; Minini, H.; Dodonov, A.E.; Bachmanov, D.M.

doi:10.1016/j.tecto.2007.03.008

Cited by 26 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…114-km-long Saint Simeon fault (SSF) stretches from the northeastern corner of Ghab pull-apart basin in NNE-SSW direction. Karakhanian et al (2008) demonstrated that SSF is an active fault according to the observed left-lateral displacements and deformations of the landforms. North of Afrin, the 40-km-long Afrin fault (AFF) joins the SSF.…”

Section: Tectonic Setting and Seismicitymentioning

confidence: 84%

The Great 1822 Aleppo Earthquake: New historical sources and strong ground motion simulation

2022

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The devastating 1822 earthquake is one of the relatively recent events that struck northwestern Syria and the nearby areas of central-southern Turkey, at the junction of the Dead Sea fault system with the Eastern Anatolian fault system. This earthquake is re-examined, in this work, based on new original contemporary and near contemporary sources of information not cited in previous litera- ture. Analysis of these sources reveals the following: (1) more detailed descriptions of the earthquake effects are provided for cities of Aleppo, Antakia and Latakia, and the identification of six new loca- tions affected; (2) assessment of relevant earthquake parameters such as the epicenter, surface-wave, moment magnitudes and seismic intensity; (3) documentation of evidences of a seismic sea wave that occurred between the Cypriot and the Syrian coasts and (4) identification of the Saint Simeon fault, located to west of Aleppo, as the probable causative fault. Furthermore, the ground motion gener- ated by the 1822 earthquake has been simulated using the extended stochastic simulation method. Acceleration time series and damped pseudo acceleration spectra were generated for Aleppo Citadel, where the peak ground acceleration, due to the earthquake, has been estimated at 0.4 g. The results will contribute to updating the seismic hazard setting in the northwestern Syria and central-southern Turkey.

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Section: Tectonic Setting and Seismicitymentioning

confidence: 84%

The Great 1822 Aleppo Earthquake: New historical sources and strong ground motion simulation

2022

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“…was very important for understanding these processes. Nikonov (1997) and Karakhanian et al (2008) studied ancient ruins to explain earthquake occurrences where evidences of faults do not exist. Based on this, Córdoba (2011, 2010B) used the seismic data, the damage the SC earthquake caused to the walls of the ancient sugar factory (see their Figure 11), ground fractures, and the geomorphologic indicators in the relief of the SPPR to confirm the existence of the seismogenetic GF (Figures 1A and 3A).…”

Section: Seismotectonic Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

La Falla Activa Guane, Cuba Occidental

Cotilla-Rodríguez

2016

REVGEO

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The paper presents some new data to confirm the existence and activity of the Guane fault. This is an intraplate active structure of the Western Neotectonic Unit of Cuba with ~100 earthquakes. It has a maximum magnitude value of 6.2 for a time period of occurrence of ~130 years. The tectonic mechanism of intraplate readjustments through faults and block rotations are responsible for the earthquakes on 01-23-1880 (San Cristóbal, Pinar del Río), 12-16-1982 (Torriente -Jagüey Grande, Matanzas), and 03-09-1995 (Pedro Pí -San José de las Lajas, La Habana). These three earthquakes can be explained by the transpression process of the Caribbean and North American plates at Swan and Oriente fault zones, and the stress transmission toward the Cuban mega-block.

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“…Few studies can be found in the literature where the effect of permanent ground displacements has been addressed with regards to historic assets. Three recent articles can be cited: Karakhanian et al (2008), concerning the St. Simeon Monastery (Syria); Galli and Galadini (2001), reporting several cases of surface faulting on archaeological relics in the Dead Sea Valley, Crete and central and northern Italy; and Oliveira (2003), modelling various Portuguese structures. A comprehensive numerical study on the effect of normal fault rupture interacting with masonry structures is presented in Gazetas et al (2013), which demonstrates the key role of the foundation continuity and stiffness.…”

Section: Accounting For Permanent Displacementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of seismic hazard for the assessment of historical elements at risk: description of input and selection of intensity measures

Douglas

Seyedi

Ulrich

et al. 2014

Bull Earthquake Eng

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International audienceThe assessment of historical elements at risk from earthquake loading presents a number of differences from the seismic evaluation of modern structures, for design or retrofitting purposes, which is covered by existing building codes, and for the development of fragility curves, procedures for which have been extensively developed in the past decade. This article briefly discusses: the hazard framework for historical assets, including a consideration of the appropriate return period to be used for such elements at risk; the intensity measures that could be used to describe earthquake shaking for the analysis of historical assets; and available approaches for their assessment. We then discuss various unique aspects of historical assets that mean the characterisation of earthquake loading must be different from that for modern structures. For example, historical buildings are often composed of heterogeneous materials (e.g. old masonry) and they are sometimes located where strong local site effects occur due to: steep topography (e.g. hilltops), basin effects or foundations built on the remains of previous structures. Standard seismic hazard assessment undertaken for modern structures and the majority of sites is generally not appropriate. Within the PERPETUATE project performance-based assessments, using nonlinear static and dynamic analyses for the evaluation of structural response of historical assets, were undertaken. The steps outlined in this article are important for input to these assessments

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Seismic deformation in the St. Simeon Monasteries (Qal'at Sim'an), Northwestern Syria

Cited by 26 publications

References 16 publications

The Great 1822 Aleppo Earthquake: New historical sources and strong ground motion simulation

The Great 1822 Aleppo Earthquake: New historical sources and strong ground motion simulation

La Falla Activa Guane, Cuba Occidental

Evaluation of seismic hazard for the assessment of historical elements at risk: description of input and selection of intensity measures

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