“…Recognizing the importance of beamcolumn joints as part of the seismic-force-resisting system in concrete frame buildings, many researchers, beginning with Hanson and Connor (1967), have conducted studies of joint behavior. Since that seminal work, many laboratory and analytical studies on beam-column joints without transverse reinforcement have been reported (Uzumeri 1977, Beres et al 1992, Priestley and Hart 1994, Clyde et al 2000, Hakuto et al 2000, Walker 2001, Calvi et al 2002a, Calvi et al 2002b, Pampanin et al 2003, Gencoglu and Eren 2002, Ghobarah and Said 2002, Pantelides et al 2002a, Pantelides et al 2002b, Pantelides et al 2008, Antonopulos and Triantafillou 2003, Woo 2003, Wong 2005, Engindeniz et al 2008, Bedirhanoglu et al 2010, Akguzel 2011. Partial collapse of Kaiser-Permanente Building, 1994 Northridge earthquake (data from National Information Service for Earthquake Engineering).…”