Seismic hazard in western Canada from GPS strain rates versus earthquake catalog

Mazzotti, S.; Leonard, Lucinda J.; Cassidy, John F.; Rogers, Garry C.; Halchuk, S

doi:10.1029/2011jb008213

Cited by 69 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Likewise, the Fish Creek Mountains fault has a well-mapped surface trace to the east of the Coyote Creek fault (Figure 2). Strain rates can be indicative of the elastic energy accumulation in the crust, and thus directly related to seismic hazard (Elliott et al, 2016;Field et al, 1999;Mazzotti et al, 2011;Molnar, 1979;Riguzzi et al, 2012;Ward, 1998). The magnitude of this anomaly is comparable to that due to the San Andreas fault (Figure 3).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Geodetic Evidence for a Blind Fault Segment at the Southern End of the San Jacinto Fault Zone

Tymofyeyeva

Fialko

2018

JGR Solid Earth

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The San Jacinto Fault (SJF) splits into several active branches southeast of Anza, including the Clark fault and the Coyote Creek fault. The Clark fault, originally believed to terminate at the southern tip of the Santa Rosa Mountains, was suggested to extend further to the southeast to a junction with the Superstition Hills fault based on space geodetic observations and geologic mapping. We present new interferometric synthetic aperture radar and GPS data that confirm high deformation rates along the southeastern extent of the Clark fault. We derive maps of horizontal and vertical average velocities by combining data from the ascending and descending satellite orbits with an additional constraint provided by the azimuth of the horizontal component of secular velocities from GPS data. The resulting high‐resolution surface velocities are differentiated to obtain a map of maximum shear strain rate. Joint inversions of InSAR and GPS data suggest that the hypothesized blind segment of the Clark fault and the Coyote Creek fault have slip rates of 13 ± 3 mm/yr and 5 ± 4 mm/yr, respectively. The blind southern segment of the Clark fault thus appears to be the main active strand of the SJF, posing a currently unrecognized seismic hazard.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Geodetic Evidence for a Blind Fault Segment at the Southern End of the San Jacinto Fault Zone

Tymofyeyeva

Fialko

2018

JGR Solid Earth

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“…Henton et al (2006) and Mazzotti et al (2011) showed that surface strain measured by GPS indicates strain rates are below the measurement error within Alberta and the Rocky Mountains. More to the west, in the Intramontane Belt, the values are also very low, yet in the coastal cordilleras, rates of about 10-15 mm yr −1 in the northeasterly direction with respect to stable North America are observed.…”

Section: Boundary Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Flesch et al (2007) found that (deviatoric) stresses associated with the accommodation of relative plate motion are of the same order of magnitude as buoyancy forces (gravitational potential energy -GPE). The orientation of observed North American rotation, shortening in the Canadian Cordillera (Henton et al, 2006;Mazzotti et al, 2011), and GPE gradient orientation (Flesch et al, 2007) correspond to the observed average S Hmax azimuths in Alberta (see the rose diagram in Fig. 4).…”

Section: Boundary Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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3-D geomechanical–numerical model of the contemporary crustal stress state in the Alberta Basin (Canada)

Reiter

Heidbach

2014

Solid Earth

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Abstract. In the context of examining the potential usage of safe and sustainable geothermal energy in the Alberta Basin, whether in deep sediments or crystalline rock, the understanding of the in situ stress state is crucial. It is a key challenge to estimate the 3-D stress state at an arbitrarily chosen point in the crust, based on sparsely distributed in situ stress data.To address this challenge, we present a large-scale 3-D geomechanical-numerical model (700 km×1200 km×80 km) from a large portion of the Alberta Basin, to provide a 3-D continuous quantification of the contemporary stress orientations and stress magnitudes. To calibrate the model, we use a large database of in situ stress orientation (321 S Hmax ) as well as stress magnitude data (981 S V , 1720 S hmin and 2 (+11) S Hmax ) from the Alberta Basin. To find the best-fit model, we vary the material properties and primarily the displacement boundary conditions of the model. This study focusses in detail on the statistical calibration procedure, because of the large amount of available data, the diversity of data types, and the importance of the order of data tests.The best-fit model provides the total 3-D stress tensor for nearly the whole Alberta Basin, and allows estimation of stress orientation and stress magnitudes in advance of any well. First-order implications for the well design and configuration of enhanced geothermal systems are revealed. Systematic deviations of the modelled stress from the in situ data are found for stress orientations in the Peace River and the Bow Island Arch as well as for leak-off test magnitudes.

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“…Horizontal strain rates are calculated on a regular 0.5 × 0.5 • grid using a Gaussian interpolation function with a 75 km half-width and taking into account each GPS sites uncertainty (cf., Mazzotti et al, 2011). The horizontal strain rate field (Fig.…”

Section: Velocity Solutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

3-D GPS velocity field and its implications on the present-day post-orogenic deformation of the Western Alps and Pyrenees

Nguyen¹,

Vernant²,

Mazzotti³

et al. 2016

Solid Earth

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Abstract. We present a new 3-D GPS velocity solution for 182 sites for the region encompassing the Western Alps, Pyrenees, and southern France. The velocity field is based on a Precise Point Positioning (PPP) solution, to which we apply a common-mode filter, defined by the 26 longest time series, in order to correct for network-wide biases (reference frame, unmodeled large-scale processes, etc.). We show that processing parameters, such as troposphere delay modeling, can lead to systematic velocity variations of 0.1-0.5 mm yr −1 affecting both accuracy and precision, especially for short (< 5 years) time series. A velocity convergence analysis shows that minimum time-series lengths of ∼ 3 and ∼ 5.5 years are required to reach a velocity stability of 0.5 mm yr −1 in the horizontal and vertical components, respectively. On average, horizontal residual velocities show a stability of ∼ 0.2 mm yr −1 in the Western Alps, Pyrenees, and southern France. The only significant horizontal strain rate signal is in the western Pyrenees with up to 4 × 10 −9 yr −1 NNE-SSW extension, whereas no significant strain rates are detected in the Western Alps (< 1 × 10 −9 yr −1 ). In contrast, we identify significant uplift rates up to 2 mm yr −1 in the Western Alps but not in the Pyrenees (0.1 ± 0.2 mm yr −1 ). A correlation between site elevations and fast uplift rates in the northern part of the Western Alps, in the region of the Würmian ice cap, suggests that part of this uplift is induced by postglacial rebound. The very slow uplift rates in the southern Western Alps and in the Pyrenees could be accounted for by erosion-induced rebound.

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Seismic hazard in western Canada from GPS strain rates versus earthquake catalog

Cited by 69 publications

References 41 publications

Geodetic Evidence for a Blind Fault Segment at the Southern End of the San Jacinto Fault Zone

Geodetic Evidence for a Blind Fault Segment at the Southern End of the San Jacinto Fault Zone

3-D geomechanical–numerical model of the contemporary crustal stress state in the Alberta Basin (Canada)

3-D GPS velocity field and its implications on the present-day post-orogenic deformation of the Western Alps and Pyrenees

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