To improve anti-collapse behavior of an existing masonry structure under earthquake action, a new thin beam-column system was proposed. In order to verify the efficiency of the strengthening method, as one of the series projects, this paper focuses on the cooperative work behavior of an existing masonry wall and an externally added reinforced concrete thin column under horizontal cyclic loads. Six 1/2 scaled specimens of existing masonry corner wall were built. Among them, three specimens were strengthened with externally added thin reinforced concrete columns. Then quasi-static tests were conducted to study the seismic behavior of the walls under different axial loads and cyclic horizontal loads from different directions. Meanwhile, a discrete element model (DEM) for corner walls under cyclic loads was proposed and the simulated response results of the walls under cyclic loads were verified with the corresponding experimental data. Based on the verified simulation methods, parameter analyses were conducted. Test and simulation results showed that the externally added thin reinforced concrete column could work together well with an existing masonry corner wall by using the construction measures proposed in this paper. The strengthening effect of the externally added reinforced concrete column for a corner masonry wall was significant. As the wall thickness increased, the strengthening efficiency for a corner wall would decrease. As the strength of concrete increased, the increment of the lateral load bearing capacity of a strengthened wall would be negligible. The thin reinforced concrete column could be used in the thin beam-column system to enhance the integrity of an existing masonry building.