Seismic loss and resilience assessment of single-column rocking bridges

Giouvanidis, Anastasios I.; Dong, You

doi:10.1007/s10518-020-00865-5

Cited by 54 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 86 publications

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“…1(b) is gaining momentum as an alternative bridge design paradigm, since it combines the benefits of rocking isolation with the merits of the accelerated bridge construction method. To illustrate its superior behavior, various studies have compared its seismic performance with the pertinent performance of its fixed-base counterpart [18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25], and references therein.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantifying Seismic Resilience of Single-Column Rocking Bridges – A Comparative Study

Giouvanidis¹,

Dong²

2021

Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Computational Methods in Structural Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering (COM

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This study focuses on structural systems which are particularly attractive for bridge design. Specifically, it investigates the seismic performance of single-column bridges, which are either conventionally designed, with the column monolithically connected with the ground (i.e. fixed-base), or designed with the column-footing system able to uplift and exhibit planar rocking motion during an earthquake. Conventionally designed bridges sustain considerable damage at the column ends after severe earthquakes. Seismic damage often determines whether the bridge remains functional after a seismic event. On the contrary, rocking design implies that a structure under seismic loading performs rigid body rotation around pre-defined pivot points. Thus, in principle, it relieves the structure from excessive deformations and damage. However, rocking isolation is not often applied in bridge engineering practice, mainly due to the lack of thorough understanding of its dynamic (seismic) performance and its potential post-earthquake financial benefits. This paper redirects our attention to the main benefits of rocking design over the conventional (fixed-base) design and conducts a comparative study between the two design methodologies in terms of their seismic losses and resilience in the aftermath of severe seismic hazard scenarios. The analysis reveals the mitigated seismic losses and the remarkable resilience that rocking design offers compared to the conventional (fixed-base) design after all the examined seismic hazard scenarios. The above findings reinforce the potential of the rocking design as an alternative seismic design paradigm for future bridge engineering applications and serve as the basis for a more rational and holistic seismic assessment of single-column rocking bridges.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantifying Seismic Resilience of Single-Column Rocking Bridges – A Comparative Study

Giouvanidis¹,

Dong²

2021

Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Computational Methods in Structural Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering (COM

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“…Rocking is also a promising seismic response modification technique, both for bridges and buildings, with limited practical applications in the former USSR and New Zealand [20,21]. Applications in buildings may comprise a soft-rocking-story mechanism [22][23][24], or a rocking wall [25,26], whereas in bridges, rocking piers [27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35]. Several analytical studies investigated the response of rocking structures combined with external dampers or…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shake table statistical validation of Finite Element models of rocking structures

Katsamakas¹,

Vassiliou²

2021

1st Croatian Conference on Earthquake Engineering

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This paper presents a three-dimensional finite element (FE) modeling approach for predicting the response of rocking columns. The model is validated against experimental results, which involved testing three different cylindrical columns with different slenderness ratios under a set of 100 bidirectional ground motions. Each column was free-standing and allowed to slide and rock in all directions. Since the developed stresses in the columns were low, all columns were modeled as rigid.The contact surface was simulated using Coulomb friction for the tangential behavior and stiff contact for the normal direction. Two energy dissipation mechanisms were modeled; friction and radiation damping. Inherent numerical damping, as well as Rayleigh damping, were set to zero, with this approach complying to the physical problem.Rocking is characterized as a chaotic and unpredictable problem, with tests being non-repeatable. Therefore, this study employs a statistical approach to validate the numerical results, using the cumulative distribution function (CDF) for the main response quantity (i.e., maximum top displacement of the column). It was proved that the model performs poorly in the deterministic validation but demonstrates satisfying agreement with the experimental results when validated statistically.The influence of the main modeling parameters, meaning the friction coefficient and the radiation damping properties, was assessed through an extensive sensitivity analysis using non-linear time-history analyses. A small change of the value of these parameters leads to a different individual rocking oscillation but only smoothly influences the statistical response.

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“…Rocking has been proposed as a seismic isolation method for both bridges [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] and buildings [21][22][23], because uplift works as a mechanical fuse and limits the design forces of both the superstructure and the foundation. Unlike structures designed to yield, the free rocking rigid block exhibits negative post-uplift stiffness [24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-linear spectrum-based analysis of rocking structures

Manzo¹,

Vassiliou²

2021

1st Croatian Conference on Earthquake Engineering

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This paper proposes a simpler analytical system that can be used to describe the dynamics of Negative Stiffness Bilinear Elastic (NSBE) systems, and consequently design them in a simpler manner. The NSBE oscillator is a mathematical idealization, which can be used to describe rocking structures with or without flexible restraining systems or curved extension at their bases. The paper defines the characteristic quantities to make the bilinear system and actual rocking structures equivalent.A simpler "equivalent" system to describe the behavior of NSBE systems is proposed. The equivalent system is the Zero Stiffness Bilinear Elastic (ZSBE) system, which is a bilinear system with zero stiffness in the second branch. The ZSBE system is useful and simpler because it needs one parameter less than the NSBE to be defined. The paper proceeds by defining the "Equal Displacement" and "Equal Energy" rules that provide estimates of the maximum displacement of the NSBE based on the response of the ZSBE. Using a simpler system to predict the response of a more complicated one, is a concept similar to the RμT relations that provide estimates of the response of bilinear yielding systems based on the response of an equivalent linear elastic system. However the method should not be confused with the approach of FEMA 356: it does not resort to a linear elastic system but to the ZSBE.Finally, the preliminary design of a real rocking structure is presented, as a case of study. The paper compares the response predicted by the proposed methodology to the one predicted by a more accurate numerical analysis.

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Seismic loss and resilience assessment of single-column rocking bridges

Cited by 54 publications

References 86 publications

Quantifying Seismic Resilience of Single-Column Rocking Bridges – A Comparative Study

Quantifying Seismic Resilience of Single-Column Rocking Bridges – A Comparative Study

Shake table statistical validation of Finite Element models of rocking structures

Non-linear spectrum-based analysis of rocking structures

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