Seismic monitoring of fluid fronts: An experimental study

Wulff, Angelika-M.; Mjaaland, Svein

doi:10.1190/1.1451622

Cited by 18 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Whereas the relationship between the fluid front position and the onset of velocity decrease could be explained by taking into account the size of the Fresnel clearance zone [ Spetzler and Snieder , ], no explanation was found for the decoupled evolution of P wave amplitude and velocity. It was concluded that the P wave amplitude (related to the P wave attenuation) is more sensitive to fluid substitution processes than the P wave velocity, in agreement with the results of Wulff and Mjaaland [].…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…As the elastic properties of reservoir rocks are highly sensitive to the nature of the fluids saturating the pore space [ Mavko et al ., ; Rasolofosaon and Zinszner , ], remote seismic monitoring has been proposed as a tool to characterize fluid substitution processes in reservoirs [ Rasolofosaon and Zinszner , ]. Successful laboratory studies were conducted by Wulff and Mjaaland [] looking at reflected seismic waves in a block of sandstone flooded by water and by [ Stanchits et al ., ] in fluid injection experiments with acoustic emissions recording and ultrasonic monitoring. Recently, David et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ultrasonic monitoring of spontaneous imbibition experiments: Acoustic signature of fluid migration

et al. 2017

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Capillary rise experiments (spontaneous imbibition tests) were conducted in the laboratory with ultrasonic and X‐ray monitoring on the Sherwood sandstone and the Majella grainstone. The aim was to provide a direct comparison between the variation in seismic attributes (amplitude, velocity, spectral content, and energy) and the actual fluid distribution in the rock. Two pairs of ultrasonic P wave sensors located at different heights on a cylindrical rock specimen recorded every 5 s the waveforms when capillary forces make water rise up into the rock from the bottom in contact with a water tank. Simultaneously, computerized tomography scan images of a vertical cross section were also recorded. Two important results were found. (i) The amplitude of the first P wave arrival is impacted by the upward moving fluid front before the P wave velocity is, while the fluid front has not yet reached the sensors level. In contrast, the P wave velocity decreases when the fluid front reaches the Fresnel clearance zone. The spectral analysis of the waveforms shows that the peak frequency amplitude is continuously decreasing without noticeable frequency shift. (ii) A methodology based on the calculation of the analytical signal and instantaneous phase was designed to decompose each waveform into discrete wavelets associated with direct or reflected waves. The energy carried by the wavelets is very sensitive to the fluid substitution process: the coda wavelets related to reflections on the bottom end face of the specimen are impacted as soon as imbibition starts and can be used as a precursor for the arriving fluid.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrasonic monitoring of spontaneous imbibition experiments: Acoustic signature of fluid migration

et al. 2017

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“…The room‐dry sample is placed in a container that holds 5 mm of water. While the water is infiltrating into the pores of the sandstone by capillary pressure [ Wulff and Mjaaland , 2002], the water level in the container is kept constant at 5 mm. When the water front is rising from 5 mm to 10 cm, we repeat the ultrasonic impulse response measurement for every 1 cm increase in water level in the sandstone.…”

Section: Monitoring Water Saturation In Berea Sandstonementioning

confidence: 99%

Time‐lapse monitoring of rock properties with coda wave interferometry

2006

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[1] The coda of seismic waves consists of that part of the signal after the directly arriving phases. In a finite medium, or in one that is strongly heterogeneous, the coda is dominated by waves which have repeatedly sampled the medium. Small changes in a medium which may have no detectable influence on the first arrivals are amplified by this repeated sampling and may thus be detectable in the coda. We refer to this use of multiple-sampling coda waveforms as coda wave interferometry. We have exploited ultrasonic coda waves to monitor time-varying rock properties in a laboratory environment. We have studied the dependence of velocity on uniaxial stress in Berea sandstone, the temperature dependence of velocity in granite and in aluminum, and the change in velocity due to an increase of water saturation in sandstone. There are many other possible applications of coda wave interferometry in geophysics, including dam and volcano monitoring, time-lapse reservoir characterization, earthquake relocation, and stress monitoring in mining and rock physics.

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“…This allows one to monitor the rise of capillary fronts during imbibition tests. Both seismic velocities and attenuation are sensitive to the passage of fluid fronts [14]. In the following we present the experimental device available in the rock physics lab at Cergy-Pontoise University, and we present some results obtained on two carbonate rocks.…”

Section: Ultrasonic Methods For the Detection Of Moving Capillary Frontsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of moving capillary front in porous rocks using X-ray and ultrasonic methods

et al. 2015

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(2015) Detection of moving capillary front in porous rocks using X-ray and ultrasonic methods. Front. Phys. 3:53. doi: 10.3389/fphy.2015.00053 Detection of moving capillary front i porous rocks using X-ray and ultrasonic methods Several methods are compared for the detection of moving capillary fronts in spontaneous imbibition experiments where water invades dry porous rocks. These methods are: (i) the continuous monitoring of the mass increase during imbibition, (ii) the imaging of the water front motion using X-ray CT scanning, (iii) the use of ultrasonic measurements allowing the detection of velocity, amplitude and spectral content of the propagating elastic waves, and (iv) the combined use of X-ray CT scanning and ultrasonic monitoring. It is shown that the properties of capillary fronts depend on the heterogeneity of the rocks, and that the information derived from each method on the dynamics of capillary motion can be significantly different. One important result from the direct comparison of the moving capillary front position and the P wave attributes is that the wave amplitude is strongly impacted before the capillary front reaches the sensors, in contrast with the velocity change which is concomitant with the fluid front arrival in the sensors plane.

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Seismic monitoring of fluid fronts: An experimental study

Cited by 18 publications

References 18 publications

Ultrasonic monitoring of spontaneous imbibition experiments: Acoustic signature of fluid migration

Ultrasonic monitoring of spontaneous imbibition experiments: Acoustic signature of fluid migration

Time‐lapse monitoring of rock properties with coda wave interferometry

Detection of moving capillary front in porous rocks using X-ray and ultrasonic methods

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