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In response to the pressing need for housing and streamlining construction processes, the building industry has embraced innovative construction techniques. One such method, known as the Industrialized Housing Construction (IHC) system, departs from traditional framing systems by utilizing thin-reinforced concrete walls (TRCW). These TRCWs, characterized by high flowability and rapid strength gain, enable quick and efficient monolithic construction of walls and slabs. However, challenges have arisen regarding the structural behavior of these elements, potentially compromising their seismic performance. Given the significant seismic risk, there is a compelling need to develop resilient buildings by using this cost-efficient structural system. This study proposes the use of passive control systems such as base isolation to address this problem. While base isolation has proven effective in other countries, its feasibility in structures using TRCW and its performance during actual seismic events warrants further investigation. This paper presents an innovative approach using Multi-Axial Real-Time Hybrid Simulation (M-RTHS), which combines numerical and experimental components to gain deeper insights into the seismic response of low-rise TRCW buildings with base isolation using unconnected fiber-reinforced elastomeric isolators (U-FREIs). The methodology is detailed and includes the division of the structure into numerical and experimental segments and the use of transfer systems to replicate real seismic excitations, including those from El Centro (USA, 1940), Pizarro (Colombia, 2004), Chihuahua (Mexico, 2013), Loma Prieta (USA, 1989), and Kobe (Japan, 1995), with a maximum amplitude of 7.36 [Formula: see text] (0.75 g). The results highlight a remarkable reduction in upper structure floor drifts of over 57.47%, the characterization of the behavior and energy dissipation of each experimental specimen, and the optimal evaluation of M-RTHS. This research paves the way for improving the seismic resistance of buildings in regions prone to seismic activity, especially those using innovative construction methods such as TRCW.
In response to the pressing need for housing and streamlining construction processes, the building industry has embraced innovative construction techniques. One such method, known as the Industrialized Housing Construction (IHC) system, departs from traditional framing systems by utilizing thin-reinforced concrete walls (TRCW). These TRCWs, characterized by high flowability and rapid strength gain, enable quick and efficient monolithic construction of walls and slabs. However, challenges have arisen regarding the structural behavior of these elements, potentially compromising their seismic performance. Given the significant seismic risk, there is a compelling need to develop resilient buildings by using this cost-efficient structural system. This study proposes the use of passive control systems such as base isolation to address this problem. While base isolation has proven effective in other countries, its feasibility in structures using TRCW and its performance during actual seismic events warrants further investigation. This paper presents an innovative approach using Multi-Axial Real-Time Hybrid Simulation (M-RTHS), which combines numerical and experimental components to gain deeper insights into the seismic response of low-rise TRCW buildings with base isolation using unconnected fiber-reinforced elastomeric isolators (U-FREIs). The methodology is detailed and includes the division of the structure into numerical and experimental segments and the use of transfer systems to replicate real seismic excitations, including those from El Centro (USA, 1940), Pizarro (Colombia, 2004), Chihuahua (Mexico, 2013), Loma Prieta (USA, 1989), and Kobe (Japan, 1995), with a maximum amplitude of 7.36 [Formula: see text] (0.75 g). The results highlight a remarkable reduction in upper structure floor drifts of over 57.47%, the characterization of the behavior and energy dissipation of each experimental specimen, and the optimal evaluation of M-RTHS. This research paves the way for improving the seismic resistance of buildings in regions prone to seismic activity, especially those using innovative construction methods such as TRCW.
This study evaluates the dynamic performance of a reference footbridge under human–structure interaction (HSI) effects using real-time hybrid simulation (RTHS). The footbridge, designed with precise multi-axial dynamic sensitivity, is tested under pedestrian gait velocities of 1.20, 1.50, and 1.80 m·s−1. The RTHS framework involves an analytical continuous model of the footbridge as a numerical substructure and real human gait loads as the experimental substructure. The results reveal significant dynamic coupling between pedestrian-induced loads and the responses of the structure. Lateral vibrations exhibit a fundamental frequency of approximately 1.0 Hz, whereas vertical vibrations peaked near 2.0 Hz. Dynamic synchronization, particularly at higher gait velocities, amplified the structural vibrations, with lateral loading increasing by up to 300% in the middle span. Vertical loads show substantial amplification and attenuation depending on gait velocity and footbridge location. Lateral accelerations display a dispersion of approximately 15.0%, whereas vertical accelerations showed higher variability, with dispersions reaching up to 20%. The RTHS technique demonstrates high fidelity and accuracy, with global errors below 2.95% and delays of less than 2.10 ms across all evaluated directions. These results emphasize the critical importance of accounting for HSI effects in the design of pedestrian footbridges because human-induced vibrations can significantly impact structural serviceability and user comfort. This study offers important insights into optimizing footbridge design to mitigate the risks of excessive vibrations and ensure both safety and functionality under typical pedestrian loads.
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