Seismic Performance of Shear-Wall and Shear-Wall Core Buildings Designed for Indian Codes

Fragility analysis of hillside buildings designed for modern seismic design codes

“…In hilly regions characterized by very mild slopes, buildings similar to those existing in flat areas can be observed and are referred to as “flat land (FL)” buildings, in this study. In case of mild to steep slopes, the structural configurations of hillside buildings are significantly different than for buildings constructed on FL, in order to adapt to the slope's geometry. Foundation levels of hillside buildings generally follow the natural slope of the ground, known as “step‐back (SB)” buildings .…”

“…These hillside buildings have significant structural irregularities in plan and in elevation due to the presence of shorter columns on the uphill side and variations in mass, strength, and stiffness of successive storeys along the height, respectively. Both these features result in complex dynamic behaviour under earthquake excitation increasing the structure's susceptibility to suffer greater damage.…”

“…A significant number of research efforts have already been made by various researchers to evaluate the collapse fragility of modern code‐conforming regular and irregular reinforced concrete moment‐resisting frame buildings resting on FL . On the other hand, studies addressing SF and SB structural configurations are very limited . Further, the earlier studies have been conducted with a specific focus on precode and moderate‐code buildings located at far‐field sites.…”

“…On the other hand, studies addressing SF and SB structural configurations are very limited . Further, the earlier studies have been conducted with a specific focus on precode and moderate‐code buildings located at far‐field sites. However, most of the areas in the Indian Himalayan region fall under the near‐field site category.…”

Characteristics of Hospital Architectural Space

“…First of all, the layout of hospital makes every effort to avoid cross of patients in various departments, take all organization form layout, more strictly to avoid route across each other, reduce the contact between the patients. [13]…”