Seismic velocity characterisation and survey design to assess CO2 injection performance at Kızıldere geothermal field

Abstract

The non-condensable gases in most geothermal resources include CO2 and smaller amounts of other gases. Currently, the worldwide geothermal power is a small sector within the energy industry, and CO2 emissions related to the utilisation of geothermal resources are consequently small. In some countries, however, such as Turkey and Iceland, geothermal energy production contributes significantly to their energy 2 budget and their CO2 emissions are relatively significant. SUCCEED is a targeted innovation and research project which aims to investigate the reinjection of CO2 produced at geothermal power production sites and develop, test and demonstrate at field scale innovative measurement, monitoring and verification (MMV) technologies that can be used in most CO2 geological storage projects. The project is carried out at two operating geothermal energy production sites, the Kızıldere geothermal field in Turkey and the CarbFix project site at the Hellisheiði geothermal field in Iceland. Together with a brief description of the project, this paper presents the details of the two field sites and the progress made in seismic velocity characterisation and modelling relevant to the Kızıldere geothermal field in Turkey.

Multi-Sensor Seismic Processing Approach Using Geophones and HWC DAS in the Monitoring of CO2 Storage at the Hellisheiði Geothermal Field in Iceland

“…Moreover, the petrophysical analysis shows extremely variable density and P-wave velocity values. The density ranges from 1.2 to 2.34 g/cm 3 and the P-wave velocity ranges from 900 to 4050 m/s. A previous petrophysical study in Southern Iceland provided a classification of the Hjörleifshöfði hyaloclastite sequence [55].…”

“…The main objectives of the SUCCEED project [2] are to explore and demonstrate the feasibility of utilising produced CO 2 for re-injection to enhance geothermal performance, while also storing the CO 2 as an action for climate change mitigation. The studies have been carried out in two existing facilities, at Kizildere in Turkey [3] and Hellisheiði in Iceland, that present a uniquely active geology and natural conditions suitable for geothermal energy production. This multidisciplinary project includes geochemical, geomechanical and geophysical studies, fluid flow modelling, as well as the development and use of innovative seismic monitoring techniques and hardware tools (including an electric seismic vibrator and DAS systems) for CCUS purposes.…”

Storing Co2 in Geothermal Reservoir Rocks from the Kızıldere Field, Turkey: Combined Stress, Temperature, and Pore Fluid Dependence of Seismic Properties

“…The produced geothermal fluid is of meteoric origin that gets heated from circular flow within existing fractures in the high heat-flow regime. A more detailed description of the geothermal site, and a conceptual model of the Kızıldere field, is shown in Janssen et al (2021) and Parlaktuna et al (2021).…”

“…The majority of the installed capacity in Turkey comes from geothermal power plants operating along the Büyük Menderes Graben (Kaygusuz et al, 2019;Yamanlar et al, 2020;Janssen et al, 2021;Ozcelik, 2022). Practically all geothermal production wells in the Büyük Menderes Graben produce from carbonate reservoir rocks, leading directly to considerable amounts of dissolved carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) in the produced geothermal fluids (Akin et al 2020;Bustaffa et al, 2020;Parlaktuna et al, 2021;Ozcelik, 2022). At the surface facilities, the produced non-condensable CO 2 is vented to the atmosphere whereas the CO 2 -depleted geothermal fluid is re-injected into the reservoir.…”

“…The work presented here is part of the ACT2 CCS SUCCEED project whose goal is to investigate the viability of re-injecting produced CO 2 back into a geothermal field, for permanent storage and enhancing reservoir pressure, instead of emitting it to the atmosphere. More detailed information on the SUCCEED project is given elsewhere (Janssen et al, 2021;Parlaktuna et al, 2021).…”