Seismic Vulnerability for RC Infilled Frames: Simplified Evaluation for As-Built and Retrofitted Building Typologies

d’Aragona, Marco Gaetani; Polese, Maria; Ludovico, Marco Di; Prota, Andrea

doi:10.3390/buildings8100137

Cited by 21 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 34 publications

(44 reference statements)

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“…Yet, brittle failures can occur in columns, beams, and joints due to local interaction. This undesired interaction should be taken into account in seismic assessment [21], also because it occurs during the deformation of the RC frame [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Infills in the Seismic Performance of an RC Factory Building in Pakistan

et al. 2021

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Infilled reinforced concrete (IRC) frames are a very common construction typology, not only in developing countries such as Pakistan but also in southern Europe and Western countries, due to their ease of construction and less technical skills required for the construction. Their performance during past earthquakes has been in some cases satisfactory and in other cases inadequate. Significant effort has been made among researchers to improve such performance, but few have highlighted the influence of construction materials used in the infill walls. In some building codes, infills are still considered as non-structural elements, both in the design of new buildings and, sometimes, in the assessment of existing buildings. This is mainly due to some difficulties in modeling their mechanical behavior and also the large variety of typologies, which are difficult to categorize. Some building codes, for example, Eurocode, already address the influence of infill walls in design, but there is still a lack of homogeneity among different codes. For example, the Pakistan building code (PBC) does not address infills, despite being a common construction technique in the country. Past earthquake survey records show that construction materials and infill types significantly affect the seismic response of buildings, thus highlighting the importance of investigating such parameters. This is the object of this work, where a numerical model for infill walls is introduced, which aims at predicting their failure mode, as a function of some essential parameters, such as the friction coefficient between mortar and brick surface and mortar strength, usually disregarded in previous models. A comprehensive case study is presented of a three-story IRC frame located in the city of Mirpur, Pakistan, hit by an earthquake of magnitude 5.9 on 24 September 2019. The results obtained from the numerical model show good agreement with the damage patterns observed in situ, thus highlighting the importance of correctly modeling the infill walls when seismically designing or assessing Pakistani buildings that make use of this technology.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Infills in the Seismic Performance of an RC Factory Building in Pakistan

et al. 2021

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“…Five damage states (DSs) are defined compatibly with the EMS-98 scale [76] and expressed in terms of interstory drift ratio (Table 3). Starting from the simplified procedure proposed in Gaetani d'Aragona et al [20], which allows to perform a simplified Pushover analysis by adopting a closed-form procedure, the attainment of EMS98-like DSs [77] are identified during the generation of the pushover curve and transformed in the corresponding interstory drift ratios. The damage states are defined depending on the attainment of local phenomena exhibiting by infill panels (i.e., extension of cracking) or the RC frame (i.e., rebar yielding, buckling, concrete spalling, shear, axial failure, or attainment of maximum chord rotation for ductile members).…”

Section: Results Of Nrhasmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, due to a large amount of information and the remarkable computational effort required, the adoption of simpler methods is generally preferred. In particular, the so-called macro-modeling approach that employs equivalent struts is one of the most adopted in the numerical analysis of infilled frames and widely used in loss estimation framework [9,20] or to generate mechanical-based fragility curves [21]. Different approaches are available in the literature depending on the number, the geometrical configuration of the equivalent struts, and the constitutive models describing the cyclic behavior of infill panels.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Masonry Infill Constitutive Law on the Global Response of Infilled RC Buildings

2021

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Masonry-infilled reinforced concrete frames represent a very common construction typology across the Mediterranean countries. The presence of infills substantially modifies the global seismic performances of buildings in terms of strength, stiffness, and energy dissipation. Although several research studies focused on the overall performances of infilled reinforced concrete frames, the modeling of infill panels remains an open issue due to the complex interaction between the infill and the frame and the uncertainties involved in the definition of the problem. In the present paper, an existing masonry-infilled RC frame designed according to obsolete seismic codes is chosen as a case study. A refined three-dimensional finite element model is built for performing nonlinear static and time-history analyses in order to investigate some significant aspects related to the modeling of infills. In particular, it is investigated the effect of different infill constitutive models on the seismic performance of infilled RC building expressed in terms of engineering demand parameters such as interstory drift ratios and peak floor accelerations, and on the generation of damage fragility curves.

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“…The structural analysis should be performed preferably adopting nonlinear response history analyses (NRHA) on detailed finite element models (FEMs). Indeed, although simpler methods, for example push-over based analysis, are also considered for simplified application of the FEMA P-58 approach, 21,26,27 the execution of NRHA allows to specifically consider the site-hazard characteristics and local site conditions that may have a considerable influence on the building response in terms of EDPs. 28 However, when dealing with large-scale assessment, the computational burden required by NRHA performed at the building scale is not acceptable.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The use of Stick‐IT model for the prediction of direct economic losses

d’Aragona

Polese

Ludovico

et al. 2021

Earthq Engng Struct Dyn

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The Stick-IT model (Stick for Infilled frames Typologies), that is a MDOF system consisting of a series of lumped masses connected by nonlinear shear link elements, was introduced to predict the response, in terms of interstory drift ratio (IDR) and peak floor acceleration (PFA), for infilled RC building typologies. Stick model parameters can be defined starting from low level building geometrical features, easily retrievable at the large scale, such as in plan dimensions, number of stories or the percentage of infills openings and considering the infills consistency. This paper investigates the applicability of Stick-IT to predict the performance and direct economic losses for existing RC infilled frame type buildings. In the framework of a performance-based assessment, the comparison of seismic-loss outcomes provided by using either a detailed finite element model (FEM) (L1) or simplified Stick-IT structural models (L2) are illustrated and discussed. The potential of Stick-IT model is investigated referring to a real building damaged and repaired after the 2009 L'Aquila earthquake and adopting as earthquake input records registered in the proximity of the building. Story-level building damage simulated by L1 and L2 models is compared to real damage, showing satisfactory prediction. The comparison of the real repair costs with those evaluated using L1 and L2 models provides encouraging validation.The application suggests that simplified models such as Stick-IT, despite the low level of information required for its application, can be usefully applied to perform damage and loss scenarios at the large scale. Matlab code to generate the Stick-IT, as well as the example code for the present study, are openly shared through the repository https://github.com/marcogaetanidaragona/Stick-IT.

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Seismic Vulnerability for RC Infilled Frames: Simplified Evaluation for As-Built and Retrofitted Building Typologies

Cited by 21 publications

References 34 publications

Effects of Infills in the Seismic Performance of an RC Factory Building in Pakistan

Effects of Infills in the Seismic Performance of an RC Factory Building in Pakistan

Effect of Masonry Infill Constitutive Law on the Global Response of Infilled RC Buildings

The use of Stick‐IT model for the prediction of direct economic losses

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