Seismic Vulnerability of Urban Vernacular Buildings in Nepal: Case of Newari Construction

Gautam, Dipendra; Rodrigues, Hugo

doi:10.1080/13632469.2018.1498411

Cited by 16 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Holliday and Grant [15] presented an account of collapsed and survived buildings during the 2010 Haiti earthquake. Similar case studies were also presented by Gautam and Rodrigues [16] for the buildings affected by several earthquakes in Nepal. The Icelandic building damage scenario was presented by Rupakhety et al [17].…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 76%

Seismic Performance of High-Rise Condominium Building during the 2015 Gorkha Earthquake Sequence

et al. 2019

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On 25 April 2015, a strong earthquake of magnitude 7.8 struck central Nepal including the capital city, Kathmandu. Several powerful aftershocks of magnitude 6.7, 6.9 and 7.3 together with hundreds of aftershocks of local magnitude greater than 4 hit the same area until May 2015. This earthquake sequence resulted in considerable damage to the reinforced concrete buildings apart from brick and stone masonry constructions. High-rise buildings in Nepal are mainly confined in Kathmandu valley and their performance was found to be in the life safety to collapse prevention level during the Gorkha earthquake sequence. In this paper, seismic performance assessment of a reinforced concrete apartment building with brick infill masonry walls that sustained life safety performance level is presented. Rapid visual assessment performed after the 12 May aftershock (MW 7.3) highlighted the need for detailed assessment, thus, we carried out nonlinear time history analysis using the recorded accelerograms. The building was first simulated for the recorded acceleration time history (PGA = 0.16 g) and the PGA was scaled up to 0.36 g to assess the behaviour of building in the case of the maximum considered earthquake occurrence. The sum of results and observations highlighted that the building sustained minor damage due to low PGA occurrence during the Gorkha earthquake and considerable damage would have occurred in the case of 0.36 g PGA.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 76%

Seismic Performance of High-Rise Condominium Building during the 2015 Gorkha Earthquake Sequence

et al. 2019

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“…Comprehensive projects, such as HAZUS (1999) in the United States and RISK-UE (Mouroux and Brun, 2008) in Europe, provided a good platform for seismic risk assessment based on ground earthquake microzonation and structural seismic vulnerability assessment. The applicability of these frameworks was demonstrated in cities and regions worldwide, including Bucharest (Lungu et al, 2004), Catania (Faccioli et al, 2004), Sofia (Kostov et al, 2004), Thessaloniki (Kappos et al, 2008), Barcelona (Lantada et al, 2010), Coimbra (Vicente et al, 2011), Al-Hoceima (Cherif et al, 2016), Sion and Martigny (Lestuzzi et al, 2016), Bhaktapur (Gautam and Rodrigues, 2018), Kermanshah (Biglari et al, 2018), Timisoara (Mosoarca et al, 2019), and Molise Region of Italy (Chieffo and Formisano, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urban Seismic Risk Analysis Using Empirical Fragility Curves for Kerend-e-Gharb After Mw 7.3, 2017 Iran Earthquake

Biglari

Formisano

2021

Preprint

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This study provides the seismic risk map of the small mountain city of Kerend-e-gharb. This innovative study evaluates the existing methods and formulations with the effects of a devastating earthquake using empirical fragility curves. A seismic vulnerability map is developed at the urban block-scale at a Geographic Information System for a variety of steel, reinforced concrete, confined masonry, unreinforced masonry, and adobe residential buildings. The estimated seismic damages are validated by comparing them with the surveyed building damages in the Sarpol-e-zahab earthquake. Moreover, the damages to the population, including the probability of homelessness, death, severe injuries that need immediate hospital treatment, moderate injuries that require hospital treatment, and light injuries without hospitalization, are assessed. This research also investigated the economic losses and estimation of debris. Finally, the mean damage index map is presented. The mean damage index map is modified due to renovation and retrofitting at higher damage levels, and it is increased at moderate damage levels that have not been structurally improved. The results of this study can be used in seismic crisis management planning in natural hazards to achieve a sustainable city.

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“…Masonry construction is widespread in both urban and rural settlements worldwide [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. A large number of possible combinations generated by the geometry, nature, and arrangement of units as well as characteristics of mortar depict the variation of strength of strength of masonry.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In-plane behavior of various brick bonds in masonry walls

Shrestha

Pradhan

Gautam

2020

Innov. Infrastruct. Solut.

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An analytical investigation is carried out to evaluate the influence of brick bond types in in-plane behavior of brick masonry. Header, Stretcher, and English bonds are chosen for numerical simulation for in-plane loading. For numerical modeling, simplified micro-modeling approach is adopted using plasticity-based constitutive models. Three-dimensional nonlinear simulations for the brick bonds for various aspect ratios and pre-compression are carried out in this study. The lateral in-plane displacement control loading is applied for each model until the ultimate failure. The sum of observations highlights that there would be no variation in the elastic behavior of various brick bonds. However, nonlinear analyses highlight that there would be significant variation in the behavior of masonry bonds the diagonal cracking would govern the failure mechanism mostly. Keywords Brick masonry • Brick bond • Compressive strength • In-plane behavior • Micro-modeling List of symbols H Height of wall L Length of wall E u Elastic modulus of units E m Elastic modulus of mortar E nn Elastic stiffness of masonry joints in the normal direction K ss Stiffness of masonry joints in the first shear direction K tt Stiffness of masonry joints in the second shear direction t n max Maximum allowable traction stress in masonry joints in the normal direction G f I Work done by the traction-separation in the normal directionG f II Work done by the traction-separation in the shear direction c Cohesion between the masonry joints interfaces μ Poisson's ratio of the masonry joints interfaces σ c Compressive strength of masonry

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Seismic Vulnerability of Urban Vernacular Buildings in Nepal: Case of Newari Construction

Cited by 16 publications

References 28 publications

Seismic Performance of High-Rise Condominium Building during the 2015 Gorkha Earthquake Sequence

Seismic Performance of High-Rise Condominium Building during the 2015 Gorkha Earthquake Sequence

Urban Seismic Risk Analysis Using Empirical Fragility Curves for Kerend-e-Gharb After Mw 7.3, 2017 Iran Earthquake

In-plane behavior of various brick bonds in masonry walls

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