Seismicity associated with the 2004–2006 renewed ground uplift at Campi Flegrei Caldera, Italy

Saccorotti, Gilberto; Petrosino, Simona; Bianco, Francesca; Castellano, M.; Galluzzo, Danilo; Rocca, Mario La; Pezzo, E. Del; Zaccarelli, Lucia; Cusano, Paola

doi:10.1016/j.pepi.2007.07.006

Cited by 90 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 27 publications

(34 reference statements)

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“…This mechanism could be purely magmatic, resulting from the pressurization of a reservoir, but we propose that the hydrothermal system may also play a major role in the development of volcanic instabilities beneath the summit area. The contribution of the hydrothermal systems to the seismicity and deformation is increasingly scrutinized for various types of volcanoes (Bonafede 1991;De Natale et al 2001;Waite and Smith 2002;Chiodini et al 2003;Hill et al 2003;Howle et al 2003;Nakaboh et al 2003;Todesco et al 2004;Battaglia et al 2006;Ukawa et al 2006;Hole et al 2007;Hurwitz et al 2007;Saccorotti et al 2007;Cusano et al 2008;Gambino and Guglielmino 2008;Peltier et al 2009b), but it has not yet been suggested that it plays a role in triggering basaltic eruptions, as we suggest here. This hypothesis has to be further evaluated in terms of the observed signals in order to estimate its consistency, but the idea can also stimulate complementary observations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

The interplay between collapse structures, hydrothermal systems, and magma intrusions: the case of the central area of Piton de la Fournaise volcano

2011

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International audienceWe explore the possible relationships between a structural heterogeneity, the hydrothermal system, and the intrusive activity at Piton de la Fournaise volcano. Geological and geophysical data show that as the result of repeated collapses (the last one in 2007), a cylinder of faulted, fractured, and crumbled rocks must exist between the surface and the top of a magma reservoir at about sea level. This structure constitutes a major geological heterogeneity. An obvious spatial correlation exists between this column of fractured and brecciated rock and the location of (1) most of the seismic activity, (2) a low-resistivity dome, (3) a huge self-potential anomaly, (4) thermal evidence of hydrothermal activity, and (5) the root of magma intrusions. The dominant factors that make this structural heterogeneity a trap for the activity are probably its higher permeability and its weaker mechanical strength. Evidence exists for the presence of an active hydrothermal system confined in this permeable zone. The long-term stability of the activated zone above sea level and the similarity of the pre-eruptive crises, in spite of the inferred large perturbation of the magmatic system in 1998, suggest a common triggering mechanism for all the eruptions since at least the first data recorded by the observatory in 1980. This mechanism can be purely magmatic, resulting from the pressurization of a reservoir, but we also propose that the hydrothermal system may play a role in the development of volcanic instabilities. A qualitative model is proposed to explain the triggering of magma intrusions by hydrothermal processes, and its speculative aspects are discussed. This work represents a first attempt to integrate the structural and dynamic information in a unified framework at Piton de la Fournaise

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

The interplay between collapse structures, hydrothermal systems, and magma intrusions: the case of the central area of Piton de la Fournaise volcano

2011

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“…This last phase shows an uplift rate lower than that of 2000, and at the present days, the very last ground deformation measurements seem to indicate a general cessation of the phenomenon. Remarkable swarms of both VT and LP (Long Period, Chouet 1996) earthquakes have accompanied this last ground uplift, with the highest number of seismic events ever recorded since 1985 (Saccorotti et al 2007). …”

Section: Campi Flegreimentioning

confidence: 99%

A reappraisal of shear wave splitting parameters from Italian active volcanic areas through a semiautomatic algorithm

Bianco

Zaccarelli

2008

J Seismol

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“…At shallow depths, a high V p /V i anomaly has been located at 0.5 to 1 km in depth, which, together with the characteristics of shallow seismicity in the CFc area, suggests the presence of rock containing fluids in the liquid phase (Vanorio et al 2005;Saccorotti et al 2007). The behaviour of the shallow crust is mainly elastic, as testified by the occurrence of the majority of the earthquakes down to 2 to 3 km in depth.…”

Section: Data and Constraints On The Behaviour Of The Cfc Crustmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…However, the idea of such a magmatic source as a direct mechanism that produces the uplift at CFc has changed since these earlier times. There have now been different seismic surveys of V p /V s and V p velocities in the shallow crust of CFc, and these have recognised that, below Pozzuoli Bay, there is a complex system of a shallow aquifer (water/gassaturated and fractured rock; Aster and Meyer 1988;Vanorio et al 2005;Saccorotti et al 2007). This aquifer has an almost cylindrical shape, and it is 1 km in diameter and located at about 3 km in depth, below which the critical water/vapour equilibrium occurs ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eruptive versus non-eruptive behaviour of large calderas: the example of Campi Flegrei caldera (southern Italy)

Carlino

Somma

2010

Bull Volcanol

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Caldera eruptions are among the most hazardous of natural phenomena. Many calderas around the world are active and are characterised by recurrent uplift and subsidence periods due to the dynamics of their magma reservoirs. These periods of unrest are, in some cases, accompanied by eruptions. At Campi Flegrei caldera (CFc), which is an area characterised by very high volcanic risk, the recurrence of this behaviour has stimulated the study of the rock rheology around the magma chamber, in order to estimate the likelihood of an eruption. This study considers different scenarios of shallow crustal behaviour, taking into account the earlier models of CFc ground deformation and caldera eruptions, and including recent geophysical investigations of the area. A semi-quantitative evaluation of the different factors that lead to magma storage or to its eruption (such as magma chamber size, wall-rock viscosity, temperature, and regional tectonic strain rate) is reported here for elastic and viscoelastic conditions. Considering the large magmatic sources of the CFc ignimbrite eruptions (400-2,000 km 3 ) and a wall-rock viscosity between 10 18 and 10 20 Pa s, the conditions for eruptive failure are difficult to attain. Smaller source dimensions (a few cubic kilometres) promote the condition for fracture (eruption) rather than for the flow of wall rock. We also analyse the influence of the regional extensional stress regime on magma storage and eruptions, and the thermal stress as a possible source of caldera uplift. The present study also emphasises the difficulty of distinguishing eruption and non-eruption scenarios at CFc, since an unambiguous model that accounts for the rock rheology, magma-source dimensions and locations and regional stress field influences is still lacking.

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Seismicity associated with the 2004–2006 renewed ground uplift at Campi Flegrei Caldera, Italy

Cited by 90 publications

References 27 publications

The interplay between collapse structures, hydrothermal systems, and magma intrusions: the case of the central area of Piton de la Fournaise volcano

The interplay between collapse structures, hydrothermal systems, and magma intrusions: the case of the central area of Piton de la Fournaise volcano

A reappraisal of shear wave splitting parameters from Italian active volcanic areas through a semiautomatic algorithm

Eruptive versus non-eruptive behaviour of large calderas: the example of Campi Flegrei caldera (southern Italy)

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