Seismo-acoustic characterization of a seismic vibrator

Bagaini, Claudio; Laycock, Martin; Readman, Colin; Coste, E; Anderson, Colin

doi:10.1190/segam2014-1126.1

Cited by 12 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…All the aforementioned analyses, and the FT domain harmonic distortion analysis shown in Figures 14 and 15, were enabled by the four e-vib built-in accelerometers (three on the reaction mass and one on the base plate). The harmonic distortion analysis indicates that the harmonic distortion was slightly less on asphalt compared to grass, and that total harmonic distortion levels for the ground force (Figure 15c), which is representative for the vibrator internally, are generally quite low and likely lower than for a hydraulic vibrator (Bagaini, 2008;Wei et al, 2010;Wei and Hall, 2011;Wei and Phillips, 2013;Bagaini et al, 2014). However, given that the e-vib has a peak force of only 6.7 kN, to support these claims, further analyses and a side-by-side comparison between the e-vib and a hydraulic vibrator at comparable force levels and same acquisition parameters are necessary.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These odd harmonics (3rd, 5th, etc.) can often be prominent in hydraulic vibrators (Bagaini et al, 2014). As discussed in detail by Noorlandt et al (2015), other harmonics and system resonances, in particular associated with the air spring, have successfully been modeled and a suppression mechanism has been developed.…”

Section: Lsm-driven Seismic Vibratormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, the air bags act as a low-pass filter and the intrinsic nonlinearity of mechanics and hydraulics behind hydraulic vibrators and baseplate-ground coupling results in harmonic distortion causing detrimental effects such as harmonic noise, loss of energy and ghost events in the data. With recent increased interest in low frequencies and broadband seismic data acquisition (Denis et al, 2013;ten Kroode et al, 2013;Brittan and Jones, 2019;Cordery, 2020), even with the improvements made (Dean et al, 2016;Ras et al, 1999;Bagaini, 2008;Wei et al, 2010;Meunier, 2011;Wei and Phillips, 2013;Bagaini et al, 2014), maintaining broadband signal excitation over a wide bandwidth at a constant drive level and with minimal harmonic distortion remains challenging for hydraulic vibrators.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Seismic imaging using an e-vib — A case study analyzing the signal properties of a seismic vibrator driven by electric linear synchronous motors

Brodic

Ras²,

Kunder³

et al. 2021

GEOPHYSICS

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Seismic imaging characteristics of a prototype electrically driven, linear synchronous motor (LSM) based, vertical-force seismic vibrator (“e-vib”) were evaluated at a site in the Netherlands. The system weighs 1.65 t and excites seismic signals with a peak force of 6.7 kN. Data were recorded along two collocated geophone based-nodal and landstreamer MEMS-based (micro-electromechanical sensors) 2D seismic profiles. To obtain a broad bandwidth dataset, the e-vib operated with a 1-200 Hz linear sweep. Shot gathers of the merged nodal-landstreamer dataset show good quality seismic data of a broadband nature. The processed merged dataset demonstrates high-resolution reflections of the stratigraphic members from approximately 200 m to 2 km, with visible reflections as deep as 2.5 to 2.9 km. As a reference, we also processed a legacy 3D microspread dataset acquired at the same site with a magnitude stronger (14.1 t, 67.5 kN) hydraulic vibrator. Comparison of our nodal-landstreamer seismic section versus 2D slices extracted from the processed microspread volume suggests similar signal penetration depth and same key marker horizons seen in both. Analysis of the reaction mass and base-plate accelerometer signals recorded with the e-vib source operating both on grass and asphalt surfaces shows that the e-vib has low total harmonic distortion. The results obtained indicate that, although relatively small, the e-vib is capable of generating high-quality, broadband seismic data.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Lsm-driven Seismic Vibratormentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Seismic imaging using an e-vib — A case study analyzing the signal properties of a seismic vibrator driven by electric linear synchronous motors

Brodic

Ras²,

Kunder³

et al. 2021

GEOPHYSICS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The source weighs approximately 1650 kg, operates at a constant drive level with a peak force of 7 kN and requires 14 kW of power to operate. The absence of hydraulics, combined with the frictionless guidance system of the LSMs behind the E‐Vib overcome some of the intrinsic limitations of the hydraulic vibrators (Sallas, 2010; Bagaini et al ., 2014; Brodic et al ., 2021a). To support this, in studies conducted by Sallas (2010) it was found that more than two third of the power produced by a hydraulic vibrator engine is transferred as heat, thus not usable.…”

Section: The Electromagnetic Vibratormentioning

confidence: 99%

Broadband seismic source data acquisition and processing to delineate iron oxide deposits in the Blötberget mine‐central Sweden

Pertuz

Malehmir

Bos³

et al. 2021

Geophysical Prospecting

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A prototype electromagnetic vibrator, referred to here as E‐Vib, was upgraded and developed for broadband hardrock and mineral exploration seismic surveys. We selected the iron oxide mine in Blötberget, central Sweden, for a test site in 2019 for the newly developed E‐Vib because of the availability of earlier seismic datasets (from 2015 to 2016) for verification of its performance for hardrock imaging purposes. The two‐dimensional data acquisition consisted of a fixed geometry with 550 receiver locations spaced at every 5 m, employing both cabled and wireless seismic recorders, along an approximately 2.7 km long profile. The E‐Vib operated at every second receiver station (i.e. 10 m spacing) with a linear sweep of 2–180 Hz and with a peak force of 7 kN. The processing workflow took advantage of the broadband signal generated by the E‐Vib in this challenging hardrock environment with varying ground conditions. The processed seismic section shows a set of reflections associated with the known iron oxide mineralization and a major crosscutting reflection interpreted to be from a fault system likely to be crosscutting the mineralization. The broadband source data acquisition and subsequent processing helped to improve signal quality and resolution in comparison with the earlier workflows and data where a drophammer seismic source was used as the seismic source. These results suggest new possibilities for the E‐Vib source for improved targeting in hardrock geological settings.

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Multimeasurement aliased-noise attenuation for sparse land seismic acquisition using compressed sensing

et al. 2020

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Land data are contaminated by energetic surface waves that have low apparent velocities relative to the seismic signal. The conventional land acquisition approach to noise attenuation is to deploy arrays of hard-wired geophones whose combined response acts as a spatial filter. Besides the shortcomings of a fixed array response that is sensitive to perturbations, using a large amount of equipment limits the field efficiency of array-based acquisition. The advent of point-receiver acquisition technology addresses some of these limitations by enabling measurement of each single geophone along a receiver line and removing the slowest energetic noise by velocity-based filtering. However, according to the classic sampling theorem, the proper sampling of noise requires sampling the shortest wavelength twice. Because surface waves have slow propagation velocities, it is not feasible to sample the noise properly and a compromise is made between quality and efficiency. We have developed two different methods to improve the efficiency of point-receiver technology by allowing for wider receiver spacing without compromising the coherent noise attenuation capabilities. First, we combine compressed sensing-based methods such as the matching pursuit approach with the gradient measurement inferred from a novel 5C sensor to dealias and attenuate source-generated noise. Second, we have developed a method to design optimized acquisition geometries by using the spectral characteristics of the surface waves, where the objective is to place a limited number of receivers at the most favorable locations to help attenuate the coherent noise. We determine the effectiveness of our methods through synthetic and field data examples in which we find that spatially aliased coherent noise can be reconstructed to a denser grid and attenuated.

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Seismo-acoustic characterization of a seismic vibrator

Cited by 12 publications

References 2 publications

Seismic imaging using an e-vib — A case study analyzing the signal properties of a seismic vibrator driven by electric linear synchronous motors

Seismic imaging using an e-vib — A case study analyzing the signal properties of a seismic vibrator driven by electric linear synchronous motors

Broadband seismic source data acquisition and processing to delineate iron oxide deposits in the Blötberget mine‐central Sweden

Multimeasurement aliased-noise attenuation for sparse land seismic acquisition using compressed sensing

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