Seismo ionospheric anomalies in Turkey associated with M  ≥ 6.0 earthquakes detected by GPS stations and GIM TEC

Shah, Munawar; İnyurt, Samed; Ehsan, Muhsan; Ahmed, Arslan; Shakir, Muhammad; Ullah, Saleem; Iqbal, Muhammad Shahid

doi:10.1016/j.asr.2020.03.005

Cited by 33 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…The monitoring of solar activity and geomagnetic storms is very important in earthquake precursory study to distinguish the earthquake induced anomaly from geomagnetic storm. There are several reports about the association of TEC anomalies with geomagnetic storms (e.g., Shah et al, 2020a;Shah et al, 2020b;Shah et al, 2020c;Tariq et al, 2020). We observed ionospheric anomaly at Iqqe and Antc stations on December 21, 2016 (4 days before main shock) against Kp>3 geomagnetic storm and anomalous TEC value at Sant station occurred on December 18, 2016 (Figure 3c).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 51%

Possible Seismo Ionospheric Anomalies before the 2016 Mw 7.6 Chile Earthquake from GPS TEC, GIM TEC and Swarm Satellites

Rahman¹

2020

Nat. App. Sci. Int. J.

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The recent advances in space based ionospheric measurements can help to investigate seismic precursors before earthquake with multi-parameter observations and more dedicated instrumentations. In this paper, seismo ionospheric anomalies before the December 25, 2016, Mw 7.6, Chile earthquake are investigated in Total Electron Content (TEC) and Global Ionosphere Map (GIM). The temporal TEC from GPS stations and GIM show enhancement during 5- 10 days (local daytime) before main shock. Similarly, spatial TEC confirms abnormal dense cloud at LT=12h-14h on December 21, 2016, that lingers over the epicenter of Chile earthquake. On the other hand, the geomagnetic indices show Dst < -50nT of low intensity variation. Similarly, Kp > 3 on December 21, 2016 within 5-10 days before the Mw 7.6. This study emphasizes that the ionosphere anomalies may not be the possible association of earthquakes induced variation but it is due to the active storm conditions (Kp>3).

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 51%

Possible Seismo Ionospheric Anomalies before the 2016 Mw 7.6 Chile Earthquake from GPS TEC, GIM TEC and Swarm Satellites

Rahman¹

2020

Nat. App. Sci. Int. J.

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“…The MODIS LST anomalies need to study for other terrestrial EQs in different parts of the world. There are different studies about EQ anomalies from MODIS and other satellites [28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36]. However, the results can be better for those EQs with homogenous terrain and no heterogeneity in the terrain like Mirpur Pakistan EQ.…”

Section: B Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Possible Atmosphere and Ionospheric Anomalies of the 2019 Pakistan Earthquake Using Statistical and Machine Learning Procedures on MODIS LST, GPS TEC, and GIM TEC

Hafeez¹,

Shah²,

Ehsan³

et al. 2021

IEEE J. Sel. Top. Appl. Earth Observations Remote Sensing

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Identifying atmospheric and ionospheric anomalies based on remote sensing satellites has contributed highly to develop the hypothesis of lithosphere-atmosphere-ionosphere coupling (LAIC) over the Earthquake (EQ) epicenter during the seismic preparation period. This paper has investigated the variations of potential EQ precursor in daytime and nighttime Land Surface Temperature (LST) before and after the 2019 Pakistan EQ from MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) satellite. The nighttime LST values of MODIS exhibit temporal anomalies during nighttime period within a time window of 5 days before and after the main shock day. Furthermore, the LST values predicted by Artificial Neural Network (ANN) validate the significant enhancement in nighttime time series of MODIS. The nighttime LST anomalies obtained from the observation and ANN prediction are more than 20% and 7% of normal distribution beyond the confidence bounds, respectively, within 5 days after the main shock. Likewise, the ionospheric anomaly from daily Total Electron Content (TEC) values at Sukkur Global Positioning System (GPS) station confirms the EQ associated ionospheric perturbations on the day after the main shock. The Global Ionospheric Maps (GIMs) also show the TEC anomalies during 1000-1400 LT on September 25, 2019.

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“…The range error in GPS signal is proportional to the integral of electron density (TEC) along the ray path. The TEC taken from the ground-based Sukkur station of GPS can be explained as TEC is measured in units' of 10 16 electrons meter per square area, where 1 TEC unit (TECU) = 10 16 el/m² (Shah et al, 2020a;Shah et al, 2020b;Shah et al, 2020c).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of GPS TEC with IRI models of 2007, 2012, AND 1 2016 over Sukkur, Pakistan

Hussain¹,

Shah²

2020

Nat. App. Sci. Int. J.

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The international reference ionosphere (IRI) models have been widely used for correcting the ionospheric scintillations at different altitude levels. An evaluation on the performance of VTEC correction from IRI models (version 2007, 2012 and 2016) over Sukkur, Pakistan (27.71º N, 68.85º E) is presented in this work. Total Electron Content (TEC) from IRI models and GPS in 2019 over Sukkur region are compared. The main aim of this comparative analysis is to improve the VTEC in low latitude Sukkur, Pakistan. Moreover, this study will also help us to identify the credible IRI model for the correction of Global Positioning System (GPS) signal in low latitude region in future. The development of more accurate TEC finds useful applications in enhancing the extent to which ionospheric influences on radio signals are corrected. VTEC from GPS and IRI models are collected between May 1, 2019 and May 3, 2019. Additionally, Dst and Kp data are also compared in this work to estimate the geomagnetic storm variations. This study shows a good correlation of 0.83 between VTEC of GPS and IRI 2016. Furthermore, a correlation of 0.82 and 0.78 is also recorded for IRI 2012 and IRI 2007 respectively, with VTEC of GPS. The IRI TEC predictions and GPS-TEC measurements for the studied days reveal the potential of IRI model as a good candidate over Pakistan.

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Seismo ionospheric anomalies in Turkey associated with M ≥ 6.0 earthquakes detected by GPS stations and GIM TEC

Cited by 33 publications

References 40 publications

Possible Seismo Ionospheric Anomalies before the 2016 Mw 7.6 Chile Earthquake from GPS TEC, GIM TEC and Swarm Satellites

Possible Seismo Ionospheric Anomalies before the 2016 Mw 7.6 Chile Earthquake from GPS TEC, GIM TEC and Swarm Satellites

Possible Atmosphere and Ionospheric Anomalies of the 2019 Pakistan Earthquake Using Statistical and Machine Learning Procedures on MODIS LST, GPS TEC, and GIM TEC

Comparison of GPS TEC with IRI models of 2007, 2012, AND 1 2016 over Sukkur, Pakistan

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