Seizure disorders and trace metals

Papavasiliou, Paul S.; Kutt, Henn; Miller, Samuel T.; Rosal, Victoria; Wang, Ying Y.; Aronson, Robert B.

doi:10.1212/wnl.29.11.1466

Cited by 66 publications

(23 citation statements)

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“…The conclusion by Papavasiliou et al (1979) and Papavasiliou and Miller (1983) that the seizures themselves are responsible for changes in tissue Mn2+ concentrations observed in association with seizures appears to be at least partially correct in that seizures do appear to affect Mn2+ concen- GEPRs, genetically epilepsy-prone rats; SDRs, nonepileptic Spmgue-Dawley rats.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Manganese and Epilepsy: Brain Glutamine Synthetase and Liver Arginase Activities in Genetically Epilepsy Prone and Chronically Seizured Rats

et al. 1993

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Low blood manganese (Mn2+) concentration is associated with epilepsy in humans and rats. The low Mn2+ concentration is attributed by some investigators to the seizure activity associated with the epilepsy, whereas others propose that the low Mn2+ concentration may be secondary to genetic mechanisms underlying the epilepsy. To begin to differentiate between these possibilities, Mn(2+)-binding enzymes of liver and brain (i.e., arginase and glutamine synthetase, respectively) were assayed in rats exposed to chronically induced seizures and in genetically epilepsy-prone rats (GEPRs). Chronic seizures caused a decrease in whole blood Mn2+ levels but did not affect brain Mn2+ concentrations. Arginase activity was increased in livers of rats with chronic seizure as compared with controls, but this difference was eliminated when Mn2+ was added to the assay. Brain glutamine synthetase activity was unaffected by chronic seizures, but the activity of this enzyme was significantly lower in GEPR brain than in control brain. Liver arginase activity tended to be lower in GEPRs, although the difference was not statistically significant. These data indicate that seizures affect liver arginase activity through changes in liver Mn2+ concentration, but GEPRs show abnormalities in Mn(2+)-dependent enzymes apparently independent of seizure activity.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Manganese and Epilepsy: Brain Glutamine Synthetase and Liver Arginase Activities in Genetically Epilepsy Prone and Chronically Seizured Rats

et al. 1993

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“…It is required for energy metabolism, development of the skeletal system, activation of certain enzymes, function of reproductive hormones, and antioxidant functions that protect cells [1,2]. Mn deficiency may result in poor bone formation, birth defects, and increased susceptibility to seizures [3-5]. Such a health outcome is, however, rarely reported in humans because the element is widely present in common foods [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal blood manganese level and birth weight: a MOCEH birth cohort study

Eum

Cheong

et al. 2014

Environ Health

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BackgroundManganese (Mn) is an essential trace element for humans and animals, but excess intake of Mn can lead to adverse developmental outcome. Few studies have investigated the effects of deficiency or excess of Mn on the human foetus. In this study, we assessed the quantitative relationship between maternal blood Mn and birth weight of a newborn.MethodsWe performed analysis on 331 full-term, live birth singleton mother-infant pairs enrolled from July 2007 to December 2009 in the Mother and Children’s Environmental Health (MOCEH) study in Korea. A questionnaire on general characteristics, a review of medical records, and maternal whole blood Mn analysis were performed at full-term pregnancy. We evaluated the relationship between maternal blood level of Mn and the birth outcome using logistic regression and generalised additive model.ResultsThe mean Mn concentration in whole maternal blood was 22.5 μg/L. We found a curvilinear relationship between maternal blood Mn and birth weight after adjusting for potential confounders. Birth weight peaked at the maternal blood Mn level of 30 and 35 μg/L. An increased probability of birth weight below 3000 g was observed at both below 16.9 μg/L (odds ratio = 2.77, 95% CI: 0.89–8.65) and above 26.9 μg/L of maternal blood Mn level (odds ratio = 2.66, 95% CI: 0.84–8.08).ConclusionsOur study found that both extreme level of maternal Mn level was associated with lower birth weight outcome in a nonlinear fashion.

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“…[110][111][112] Given that glutamate is the most abundant compound in the brain, cycling between glutamate and glutamine requires a high enzymatic output via glutamine synthetase and transglutaminase. 113 Manganese deficiency is proposed to decrease glutamine synthetase activity, resulting in increased extracellular glutamate, which increases the propensity for seizures.…”

Section: Glutamine Synthetase a Mn-dependent Enzymementioning

confidence: 99%

Manganese and Huntington Disease

Tidball¹,

Bichell²,

Bowman³

2014

Manganese in Health and Disease

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Huntington's disease (HD) is a devastating neurodegenerative disease presenting with impaired movement, psychological and behavioral disturbances, and cognitive decline. The most pronounced symptoms are motor impairments caused by degeneration of the medium spiny neurons of the caudate and putamen. Heavy metals are closely linked with both function and dysfunction in these basal ganglia nuclei, and are, therefore, likely candidates to be the environmental modifiers for age of onset in HD. HD patient cortices and mouse in vitro and in vivo models of HD have shown decreases in accumulation of manganese (Mn2+). Manganese is a necessary cofactor for several enzymes vital to proper cellular functioning, including arginase, manganese superoxide dismutase, glutamine synthetase, and pyruvate carboxylase. Additionally, manganese has also been shown to alter cellular signaling, particularly in the IGF–AKT and ATM–p53 pathways. Manganese deficiency can result in many dysfunctional manifestations similar to Huntington's disease, including urea cycle dysfunction, altered glutamate regulation, increased oxidative stress, and metabolic disturbances, in which these enzymatic functions are crucial. In this chapter, we elaborate on the potential influence of manganese and other metals in Huntington's disease; we also investigate the potential role of manganese-dependent enzymes in HD pathophysiology.

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Seizure disorders and trace metals

Cited by 66 publications

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Manganese and Epilepsy: Brain Glutamine Synthetase and Liver Arginase Activities in Genetically Epilepsy Prone and Chronically Seizured Rats

Manganese and Epilepsy: Brain Glutamine Synthetase and Liver Arginase Activities in Genetically Epilepsy Prone and Chronically Seizured Rats

Maternal blood manganese level and birth weight: a MOCEH birth cohort study

Manganese and Huntington Disease

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