Seizure occurrence in dogs under primary veterinary care in the UK: prevalence and risk factors

Erlen, Alexander; Potschka, Heidrun; Volk, Holger A.; Sauter‐Louis, Carola; O’Neill, Dan G.

doi:10.1111/jvim.15290

Cited by 48 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“….Belgian Malinois, Golden Retrievers and brachycephalic breeds are reported to have increased odds ratio of HRI compared to small breeds of dog 11 . Labrador Retriever was used as the comparator for this variable as they were the largest breed type in the denominator population (after crossbred) so enabled high statistical power to explore breed risks 29,30 Purebred Categorical variable grouping all dogs of recognisable breeds as "purebred", all recognisable designer crossbreeds as "designer cross" and the remaining dogs as "crossbred".…”

Section: Breed Typementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Labrador Retriever has previously been reported with increased risk of HRI 11 , although that study included both Labrador and Golden Retrievers as a single breed and therefore the increased risk may have come from the subset of these dogs that were Golden Retrievers 11 . The current study elected to use the Labrador Retriever as the comparator breed instead of crossbred for similar reasons to those suggested by Erlen et al (2018) 30 . Crossbred dogs show a high level of variability in genetics, bodyweight, skull shape and conformation compared to a single specified purebred breed 42 .…”

Section: Agementioning

confidence: 99%

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Incidence and risk factors for heat-related illness (heatstroke) in UK dogs under primary veterinary care in 2016

Hall

Carter

O'Neill

2020

Sci Rep

106

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As climate change causes global temperatures to rise, heat-related illness, a potentially fatal condition in dogs, will become an ever-greater threat. this study aimed to report the incidence, fatality and canine risk factors of heat-related illness in UK dogs under primary veterinary care in 2016. The VetCompass tM programme collects de-identified electronic patient records from UK veterinary practices for research. From the clinical records of 905,543 dogs under veterinary care in 2016, 395 confirmed heat-related illness events were identified. The estimated 2016 incidence of heat-related illness was 0.04% (95% CI 0.04-0.05%), with an event fatality rate of 14.18% (95% CI 11.08-17.96%). Multivariable analysis identified significant risk factors including breed (e.g. Chow Chow, Bulldog and French Bulldog), higher bodyweight relative to the breed/sex mean and being over two years of age. Dogs with a brachycephalic skull shape and dogs weighing over 50 kg were also at greater risk. As we move into an ever-warmer world, veterinary professionals may need to include resistance to heat-related illness amongst their rationales when advising owners on breed selection. Breeding for good respiratory function and maintaining a healthy bodyweight should be considered key welfare priorities for all dogs to limit the risk of heat-related illness. Climate change is listed among the World Health Organisation's top ten threats to Global Health in 2019, with heat-related illness (HRI) predicted to contribute towards an additional 250,000 human deaths annually by 2030 1. HRI is a progressive disorder of animals and man caused by core body temperatures that rise above homeostatic limits, resulting in metabolic disturbances 2. This can lead to decreased cardiac output, fatigue of heat dissipation mechanisms, organ failure and ultimately death 2-4. Animal welfare organisations in the United Kingdom (UK) and Australia have reported increasing numbers of calls about animals trapped in hot environments over recent years 5,6. As the frequency and severity of heat waves is predicted to increase, there is an urgent need for better evidence-based guidance on the risk factors and early recognition of HRI to improve prevention and treatment strategies for both humans and animals 3,7. A deficiency of reliable and current data on the diagnosis, treatment and fatality rate of HRI is a key barrier to mitigating HRI risks in both humans and dogs 8. The classical terminology used to define HRI varies, but typically includes terms that describe progression from heat stress, through heat exhaustion to heatstroke 2. However, these classical terms lack clear explicit definitions and are often used interchangeably as synonyms, leaving their usage open to individual interpretation that creates a confused medical and veterinary literature 3. A novel HRI scoring system has been proposed for use in humans, acknowledging that patients can progress through the stages of disease severity depending on the duration and intensity of heat exposure and effectivenes...

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Section: Breed Typementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Agementioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence and risk factors for heat-related illness (heatstroke) in UK dogs under primary veterinary care in 2016

Hall

Carter

O'Neill

2020

Sci Rep

106

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“…Idiopathic epilepsy affects 0.5-1% of the canine population, and it has been reported in almost every breed (1). A genetic origin is presumed in some breeds and known in others (2,3).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Serum Trace Nutrient Concentrations in Epileptics Compared to Healthy Dogs

et al. 2019

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Idiopathic epilepsy (IE) is a common cause of seizures in dogs. There are several investigations regarding serum concentrations of trace nutrients, including copper, selenium, zinc, manganese, and iron in human epileptics and animal models. However, research of this nature in dogs with epilepsy is lacking. The purpose of this prospective study was to compare serum concentrations of several trace nutrients in healthy dogs to dogs with idiopathic epilepsy. Healthy client-owned dogs (n = 50) and dogs with IE (n = 92) were enrolled and blood samples were collected for trace nutrient analysis. Epileptics were subdivided into three groups: controlled: n = 27, uncontrolled: n = 42, and untreated: n = 23. Serum was evaluated for concentrations of copper, selenium, zinc, cobalt, manganese, molybdenum, and iron using inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy. Uncontrolled epileptics had significantly higher manganese concentrations compared to normal dogs (p = 0.007). Untreated epileptics had higher iron levels than the other three groups (p = 0.04). Significantly higher levels of copper (p < 0.0001) were found in controlled and uncontrolled epileptics compared to normal or untreated dogs. Significantly higher levels of molybdenum (p = 0.01) were found in controlled epileptics compared to normal or untreated epileptics. Uncontrolled and controlled epileptics had significantly higher levels of selenium (p = 0.0003) vs. normal dogs, and uncontrolled epileptics had higher levels of zinc (p = 0.0002) than normal and untreated dogs. The significant difference in serum concentrations of several trace nutrients (manganese, selenium, and zinc) may suggest a role for these nutrients in the pathophysiology and/or treatment of epilepsy. Additionally, these results suggest that anti-convulsant therapy may affect copper and molybdenum metabolism.

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“…6 Research on RSD in dogs utilizing datasets from primary practice electronic patient records (EPR) have reported a 1-year period prevalence for seizure occurrence in dogs of 0.82% and for suspected idiopathic epilepsy of 0.62% to 0.75%. 7,8 However, to date, no similar studies have described RSD in cats.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of recurrent seizure disorders and epilepsy in cats under primary veterinary care in the United Kingdom

O'Neill

Phillipps

Egan

et al. 2020

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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Background: Little epidemiological evaluation of recurrent seizure disorders in cats currently exists in veterinary literature. Objectives: To report the prevalence and risk factors for recurrent seizure disorders (RSD) and epilepsy in cats presented to primary care veterinary practices in the United Kingdom (UK). Animals: A total of 285 547 cats under veterinary care during 2013 presenting to 282 primary care clinics in the UK. Methods: Cohort study using multivariable logistic regression modeling for risk factor analysis. Results: There were 458 confirmed RSD cases, giving a 1-year period prevalence of 0.16% (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.15-0.18). A subset of 114 (24.89%) cases was recorded as having epilepsy, giving a 1-year period prevalence of 0.04% (95% CI, 0.03-0.5). Increasing age was significantly associated with increasing odds of RSD. Breed, sex, neuter status, and body weight were not associated with RSD. Epilepsy was most frequently diagnosed in adult to middle-aged cats. Cats aged 3.0 to <6.0 years had 3.32 times higher odds of epilepsy diagnosis compared to cats <3.0 years of age. Insured cats were more likely to be diagnosed with epilepsy compared to noninsured cats. Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Although less common than in dogs, RSD and epilepsy still comprise an important disorder group in the UK cat population. Aging is a significant risk factor for these disorders in cats.

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Seizure occurrence in dogs under primary veterinary care in the UK: prevalence and risk factors

Cited by 48 publications

References 54 publications

Incidence and risk factors for heat-related illness (heatstroke) in UK dogs under primary veterinary care in 2016

Incidence and risk factors for heat-related illness (heatstroke) in UK dogs under primary veterinary care in 2016

Comparison of Serum Trace Nutrient Concentrations in Epileptics Compared to Healthy Dogs

Epidemiology of recurrent seizure disorders and epilepsy in cats under primary veterinary care in the United Kingdom

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