Select Polyphenol-Rich Berry Consumption to Defer or Deter Diabetes and Diabetes-Related Complications

Abstract

Berries are considered “promising functional fruits” due to their distinct and ubiquitous therapeutic contents of anthocyanins, proanthocyanidins, phenolic acids, flavonoids, flavanols, alkaloids, polysaccharides, hydroxycinnamic, ellagic acid derivatives, and organic acids. These polyphenols are part of berries and the human diet, and evidence suggests that their intake is associated with a reduced risk or the reversal of metabolic pathophysiologies related to diabetes, obesity, oxidative stress, inflammation, and hypertension. This work reviewed and summarized both clinical and non-clinical findings that the consumption of berries, berry extracts, purified compounds, juices, jams, jellies, and other berry byproducts aided in the prevention and or otherwise management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and related complications. The integration of berries and berries-derived byproducts into high-carbohydrate (HCD) and high-fat (HFD) diets, also reversed/reduced the HCD/HFD-induced alterations in glucose metabolism-related pathways, and markers of oxidative stress, inflammation, and lipid oxidation in healthy/obese/diabetic subjects. The berry polyphenols also modulate the intestinal microflora ecology by opposing the diabetic and obesity rendered symbolic reduction of Bacteroidetes/Firmicutes ratio, intestinal mucosal barrier dysfunction-restoring bacteria, short-chain fatty acids, and organic acid producing microflora. All studies proposed a number of potential mechanisms of action of respective berry bioactive compounds, although further mechanistic and molecular studies are warranted. The metabolic profiling of each berry is also included to provide up-to-date information regarding the potential anti-oxidative/antidiabetic constituents of each berry.

Effect of Berry-Based Supplements and Foods on cognitive function: A Systematic Review

“…During the current decade, clinical studies have dedicated to the health pro ts of berries. Especially, growing interest has been intense on the impact of berries and their natural ingredients in the human gut microbiota 45 , lipid metabolism 44 , diabetes and diabetes-related complications 46 , cardiovascular health 47 , and metabolic syndrome 48 .…”

Improvement of Glucose Tolerance by Food Factors Having Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Releasing Activity

“…Extensive research in humans who consume phytochemical-rich foods and beverages has revealed a wide range of potential health benefits against diabetes and related diseases; however, sufficient data to recommend specific phytochemical intake are lacking [ 83 , 84 , 85 , 86 ]. Among the wide varieties of phytochemicals, flavonoids are the largest and most evaluated group [ 87 ]. Flavonoids are a class of low-molecular-weight phenolic compounds widely distributed in plants [ 88 ].…”

Differential Effects of Polyphenols on Insulin Proteolysis by the Insulin-Degrading Enzyme

“…Polyphenols are naturally occurring compounds that possess antioxidant [ 18 , 19 , 20 ], anti-inflammatory [ 19 , 20 , 21 ], and anti-amyloidogenic [ 22 ] properties. As such, polyphenols have been hypothesized to prevent T2D [ 23 ] and AD [ 24 ]. Recently, we showed that IDE’s activity toward Aβ42 is sustained in the presence of resveratrol ( Figure 3 a) [ 25 ].…”