Selected Cardiometabolic Risk-factor Clusters of Urban Hypertensive Adults in Response to 72-hour ABU Radio Frequency Modulated (F.M.) Call for Free-medical Screening

Abstract

Objective: It sought to determine the prevalence of Cardiometabolic risk factor clusters (CMRFCs) and their association with uncontrolled hypertension among urban hypertensive subjects who responded to a free health screening radio announcement. Methods: This cross-sectional epidemiologic study randomly selected 200 previously diagnosed hypertensive subjects aged ≥ 30 years. CMRFCs included hypertension in addition to obesity, prediabetes/diabetes, smoking and alcohol intake. Independent Student's t-test determined the difference in numerical variables between sexes. Cardiometabolic risk associations were determined via Binary Logistic Regression analysis. Results: Of the 180 who met inclusion, 72.2% were females with mean age of 50.4±9.3 years. About 1 in every 4 subjects (22.2%) had diabetes of which 62.5% were undiagnosed. Almost 2 of every 5 subjects (38.9%) had prediabetes. Almost half (42.2%) had BMI ≥30 kg/m 2 with central obesity identified in 78.3%. The mean SBP was 145.7±18.4 mmHg with DBP of 91.8±12.1 mmHg. Uncontrolled hypertension was found in 90.6% and 73.3% for systolic and diastolic respectively. Most (71.7%) had >1 CMRFC associated with uncontrolled systolic hypertension while almost half (42.2%) had same associated with uncontrolled diastolic hypertension. The overall mean prevalence of CMRFC was 49.6%. Significant association was found between male sex (p=0.01) and systolic/diastolic hypertension; prediabetes/diabetes (p=0.01), overweight/obesity (p=0.04) with diastolic hypertension and alcohol intake (p=0.02) with systolic hypertension. Conclusion: This study shows that there is a high prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factor clusters amongst hypertensive urban-dwellers in Northern-Nigeria. Combined overweight/obesity, prediabetes/diabetes, male sex and alcohol were significantly associated with uncontrolled hypertension.

Prevalence of hyperhomocysteinaemia, selected determinants and relation to hypertension severity in Northern-Nigerian hypertensives: the ABU homocysteine survey

“…3,20 Recommendation and Limitations Lifestyle factors should, therefore, be advocated and encouraged at all tiers of government via organization of health talks and hypertension awareness programs so as to encourage the masses to adopt lifestyle modification as recommended by the World Health Organization in a bid to reduce cardiovascular risk. 37 Population and longitudinal-based studies should be carried out across all geopolitical zones of the country to determine the cause-effect relationship between hyperhomocysteinaemia and raised blood pressure as this study is limited by its cross-sectional design.…”

“…It was a community based cross-sectional study carried out among 120 randomly selected hypertensive subjects presenting at the large hall of the Ahmadu Bello University (ABU) Medical Centre, Zaria following a 3-day ABU radio frequency modulated (F.M) announcement inviting hypertensive subjects in Zaria to come for free medical screening exercise, free drug delivery as well free health talk on hypertension management. 37 Emphasis was also made on the need to come in a fasted state ensuring their last meal did not exceed 10 p.m of the previous day. 37 …”

“… 37 Emphasis was also made on the need to come in a fasted state ensuring their last meal did not exceed 10 p.m of the previous day. 37 …”

“…37 Emphasis was also made on the need to come in a fasted state ensuring their last meal did not exceed 10 p.m of the previous day. 37 Subjects were also recruited from the Medical Out-patient Department of Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital (ABUTH), Zaria. 37 There were also 120 apparently healthy controls randomly selected from willing patient escorts and staff of the ABU Medical Centre as well as ABUTH, Zaria as reported previously (Unpublished data).…”

“…Subjects were recruited in two batches based on the requirement of being in a fasted state. 37 A standard well-structured questionnaire was interviewer-administered to each eligible study participant by the author and 4 trained assisting senior medical doctors.…”