Selected methods of the U.S. Geological Survey for the analyses of wastewaters

Fishman, Marvin J.; delineator, Brown, Eugene Wilson,

doi:10.3133/ofr76177

Cited by 12 publications

(13 citation statements)

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“…Specific analytical methods for water analysis are documented in the manuals and handbooks of the American Society for Testing and Materials (1980), the American Public Health Association and others (1971,1976,1981), the Association of Official Analytical Chemists (1980), the U.S. Geological Survey (Guy, 1969;Fishman and Brown, 1976;Greeson and others, 1977;Thatcher and others, 1977;Skougstad and others, 1979), and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (1974, 1979b, 1984a, 1984b). Methods appropriate for determining concentrations of constituents at environmentally significant levels, described in these references, were used as the analytical-methods criterion for all the selected constituents and properties except those measured in the field (table 3).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water-quality data-collection activities in Colorado and Ohio; Phase II, Evaluation of 1984 field and laboratory quality-assurance practices

Childress¹,

Chaney²,

Myers³

et al. 1987

Open-File Report

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One of the great challenges faced by the Nation's water-resources scientists is the need for reliable information that will guide the protection of our water resources. That challenge is being addressed by Federal, State, interstate, and local water-resource agencies, and by academic institutions. Many of these agencies are collecting water-quality data for a host of purposes, including compliance with permits and water-supply standards; development of remediation plans for specific contamination problems; operational decisions on industrial, wastewater, or watersupply facilities; and research on water quality. Prominent is the need for information of regional and national scope, and on the trends and causes of water-quality conditions. Without this information, policy decisions may be based on information from a few localized problems. Conversely, a lack of information may lead to a false sense that some problems do not exist. In the past two decades, billions of dollars have been spent on water-quality data-collection programs. However, only a small part of the data collected for these programs has been obtained specifically to assess the status, trends, and causes of water-quality conditions on regional and national scales. Also, in some instances, the utility of these data for present and future regional and national assessments is limited by such factors as the areal extent of the sampling network, frequency of sample collection, and the types of water-quality characteristics determined. Water-quality data collected for permits and for compliance and enforcement purposes constitute a sizable source of information that may be suitable for regional and national assessments. Such data must, however, be carefully screened before use. The needs, uses, and types of water-quality data vary widely, and data collected for one purpose are not necessarily suitable for other purposes. In fact, the use of unsuitable data in regional or national assessments can be much worse than a lack of information, because the use of such data can lead to incorrect conclusions having far-reaching consequences. Accordingly, the U.S. Geological Survey, with cooperation from other agencies and from universities, has undertaken a three-phase study in Colorado and Ohio to determine the characteristics of existing Federal and other public-agency waterquality data-collection programs and to evaluate the suitability of the data bases from these programs for use in water-quality assessments of regional and national scope. This report describes results of the second phase of the study. This study does not imply that past and present data-collection programs have failed or are inappropriate for their intended purposes. The data from those programs may fully meet individual agency needs and fulfill their mandated requirements, yet may have only limited relevance to water-quality questions of regional and national scope. This study has depended heavily on cooperation and information from many Federal, State, regional, and local agencies and academ...

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water-quality data-collection activities in Colorado and Ohio; Phase II, Evaluation of 1984 field and laboratory quality-assurance practices

Childress¹,

Chaney²,

Myers³

et al. 1987

Open-File Report

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“…Concentrations of metals were determined by the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Laboratory, Atlanta, in Doraville, Ga., and concentrations of major ions, nutrients, and dissolved and suspended organic carbon were determined by the U.S. Geological Survey Service Unit in Ocala, Fla. The analytical techniques used for the determination are described by Goerlitz and Brown (1972), Fishman and Brown (1976), and Skougstad and others (1979).…”

Section: Methods and Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical characteristics of water in the surficial aquifer system, Dade County, Florida

Sonntag¹

1987

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Hydrogeologic test drilling was conducted throughout Dade County to describe the chemical characteristics of water from hydrogeologic units in the surficial aquifer system. Water-quality analysis of samples collected from the test wells completed in central Dade County indicates that the Biscayne aquifer (unit A), the upper clastic unit of the Tamiami Formation (unit B), and parts of a limestone, sandstone, and sand unit of the Tamiami Formation (unit C) have been effectively flushed of residual seawater and contain primarily calcium bicarbonate ground water. The lower parts of unit C and the lower clastic unit of the Tamiami Formation (unit D) primarily contain calcium sodium bicarbonate or sodium bicarbonate type water. An analysis of variance test indicates that water in units A and B is not significantly (0.05 probability level) different in composition. Mean concentrations of dissolved solids, sodium, and chloride are significantly different between units A and C, whereas mean concentrations of dissolved solids, calcium, sodium, and chloride are significantly different between units A and D. Ground water in the surficial aquifer system in northwestern Dade County is more mineralized than ground water that occurs elsewhere in the county (except in coastal areas affected by saltwater). An analysis of variance test indicates that mean concentrations of dissolved solids, sodium, and chloride at sites in northwestern Dade County developed in units A and C are significantly different from the mean concentrations of these constituents at sites throughout the rest of the county. Water in this part of the surficial aquifer system is similar to highly mineralized water found in western Broward County. However, in northwestern Dade County, the ground water has been diluted to a greater extent by less mineralized recharge water. Overall, ground water in the four major hydrogeologic units of the surficial aquifer system of Dade County is suitable for most uses. Maximum concentrations of sodium, chloride, color, fluoride, iron, and dissolved solids in some areas of Dade County, however, exceed maximum contaminant levels established by the Florida Primary and Secondary Drinking Water Regulations standards.

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“…The samples were collected on a monthly basis during 1986-88 and on a quarterly basis during 1989. All laboratory analyses of these samples were performed by a U.S. Geological Survey laboratory, by methods described by Skougstad and others (1979) and Fishman and Brown (1976). The RCID furnished additional nutrient analyses for five stations during calendar years 1988-89.…”

Section: Water Qualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrology and water quality of Reedy Creek in the Reedy Creek Improvement District, central Florida, 1986-89

Hampson¹

1993

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Selected methods of the U.S. Geological Survey for the analyses of wastewaters

Cited by 12 publications

References 0 publications

Water-quality data-collection activities in Colorado and Ohio; Phase II, Evaluation of 1984 field and laboratory quality-assurance practices

Water-quality data-collection activities in Colorado and Ohio; Phase II, Evaluation of 1984 field and laboratory quality-assurance practices

Chemical characteristics of water in the surficial aquifer system, Dade County, Florida

Hydrology and water quality of Reedy Creek in the Reedy Creek Improvement District, central Florida, 1986-89

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