“…Generally, for water-lubricated journal bearing, rubber's (PTFE, PEEK, PI, NBR) is used as a bushing material due to its excellent wear and frictional characteristics, lesser noise, low operation and maintenance cost [3]. However, due to low viscosity of water, water-lubricated journal bearing unwillingly meets the mixed-lubrication condition during start and shut-down of marine ships [4,5]. During start and shut-down conditions, fluid film thickness is not sufficiently thick enough to separate the bushing and shaft surfaces.…”