Selected References and Suggested Readings

Bell, Donald D.; Weaver, W. D.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-0811-3_63

Cited by 36 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 184 publications

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“…Interestingly, The nutritional values of brown eggs are known to be better than that of the white eggs. It was reported by Bell and Weaver (2002) that brown eggs have less lipids (8.49% vs. 10.04%) and more vitamin A (317 IU vs. 260 IU) and vitamin B2 (0.254 mg vs. 0.180) than white eggs. The objective of the current study was to investigate the differences between the production performance between brown and white strains.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Summaries

2014

Advances in Animal Biosciences

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Embracing new alternative feed ingredients in feed formulation is an essential component of future sustainable intensification of feed production. Furthermore identification of alternative raw materials is a means of increasing resilience in the supply chain in the face of increased risk due to the pending unreliability of climate. Appreciating the gap between the identification of an alternative raw material and the approval of this material in a commercial raw material data matrix is imperative to a successful adoption of the new product. In this presentation the presumption is made that any new raw material is listed in a national list of permitted raw materials. It is not the intention to review regulatory issues. Unfortunately however it does not follow that a material listed for use in feed in a national list is then used routinely in feed formulation. How a raw material is used can be viewed in terms of either animal factors and/or logistic and commercial factors. The presence of anti-nutritional factors can have a significant impact on how a new raw material is utilised. Independently it can influence the species of animal, the age and stage of growth of an animal and the quantity of material used in the formulation. Furthermore traditional nutrient components such as phytate and fibre are now recognised as antinutritional factors in for example poultry and aqua nutrition respectively. Means of eliminating or negating the impact of anti-nutritional factors is an important aspect of developing an alternative raw material. Least cost ration formulation techniques have been developed to design diets that meet specific requirements from readily available ingredients at the lowest cost. Invariably a new ingredient will only be used in a diet formulation as long as it will reduce the cost of the diet unless the ingredient can provide additional benefits not taken into account in the least cost formulation. This would be the case when a product delivers health benefits in addition to its nutrient specification. A new raw material may satisfy all major nutrient requirements but in addition a number of logistic issues require to be fulfilled. The product must be produced in a quantity to support a supply chain and to be incorporated in one or a number of feed formulations to merit a feed mill allocating space in the mill for storage. Finally the benefit of using the new alternative feed material must create sufficient value to be attractive to the producer of the product, all the active members in the supply chain and finally the livestock producer who will use the product. Biorefineries processing large quantities of grain for biofuels are prime examples of processes capable of producing novel raw materials. Currently the biorefinery process tends to produce a single medium protein, high fibre co-product, distillers dried grains and solubles (DDGS). It is questionable whether this process is viable when large quantities of energy are required to dry the product for feeding to ruminants, the segment of livestock ...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Summaries

2014

Advances in Animal Biosciences

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“…It is important to keep in mind that chicken flocks have limited productivity (30–40 weeks [80]; B&E Eggs, personal communication), which means that even when receiving embryos of a given line and breeder, periodic variations in the flock source are inevitable. Therefore, once a line is selected, routine screening needs to be performed to ensure that those conditions are maintained.…”

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rediscovering the chick embryo as a model to study retinal development

Vergara

Canto‐Soler

2012

Neural Dev

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The embryonic chick occupies a privileged place among animal models used in developmental studies. Its rapid development and accessibility for visualization and experimental manipulation are just some of the characteristics that have made it a vertebrate model of choice for more than two millennia. Until a few years ago, the inability to perform genetic manipulations constituted a major drawback of this system. However, the completion of the chicken genome project and the development of techniques to manipulate gene expression have allowed this classic animal model to enter the molecular age. Such techniques, combined with the embryological manipulations that this system is well known for, provide a unique toolkit to study the genetic basis of neural development. A major advantage of these approaches is that they permit targeted gene misexpression with extremely high spatiotemporal resolution and over a large range of developmental stages, allowing functional analysis at a level, speed and ease that is difficult to achieve in other systems. This article provides a general overview of the chick as a developmental model focusing more specifically on its application to the study of eye development. Special emphasis is given to the state of the art of the techniques that have made gene gain- and loss-of-function studies in this model a reality. In addition, we discuss some methodological considerations derived from our own experience that we believe will be beneficial to researchers working with this system.

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“…(King'ori, 2011). Eggs that do not satisfy the criteria, mainly due to poor quality of the shell (eg, irregular shape, physical damage, drowsiness) and eggs of extremely small or large mass (Bell and Weaver, 2002), are removed from the hatching eggs before the incubation process.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The mass of eggs and the results of incubation are directly interrelated so that the hatchability of extremely small and extremely large eggs has a relatively lower value than of eggs of medium or average weight of the range of 55-65 g (Bell and Weaver, 2002). The mass of hatching eggs of meat-type hybrids has an increasing trend during the period of exploitation (Ðermanović et al, 2010), which can be influenced by numerous factors of genetic and paragenetic nature (King'ori, 2012).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Uticaj Mase Rasplodnih Jaja Roditeljskog Jata Teškog Linijskog Hibrida Na Rezultate Inkubacije

Vekić¹,

Mitraković²,

Savić³

2018

VJRS

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Cilj rada bio je da se ispitaju vrijednosti parametara inkubacije(gubitak mase, oplođenost, valivost uloženih i oplođenih jaja, te ukupan, rani,srednji i kasni embrionalni mortalitet) rasplodnih jaja različite mase teškog linijskoghibrida Cobb 500. Ukupno je ispitano 600 jaja podijeljenih u četiri jednake grupe(n=150) prema njihovoj masi: 57,5 – 62,5 (S); 62,6 – 67,5 (M); 67,6 – 72,5 (L) i 72,6 –77,50 g (XL), a vrijednosti parametara inkubacije određene su i statistički obrađenestandardnim metodama. Masa jaja uticala je statistički značajno na gubitak masejaja tokom inkubacije (p<0,05), pri čemu je taj gubitak bio veći kod jaja manje (grupaS 11,10% i grupa M 11,40%) u odnosu na jaja veće mase (grupa L 10,42% i grupaXL 10,31%). Valivost uloženih jaja u grupama S, M, L i XL iznosila je 76,0; 75,3;78,7 i 66,0%, redom, a oplođenih 82,0; 81,3; 82,5 i 71,7%, redom, pri čemu nijeustanovljena statistički značajna razlika (p>0,05). Masa jaja nije statistički značajnouticala na razliku u vrijednostima mortaliteta embriona, iako je kod jaja grupe XLustanovljena viša vrijednost ukupnog, ranog i kasnog mortaliteta u odnosu na ostalegrupe jaja. Rezultati ovog istraživanja ukazuju na niže vrijednosti valivosti i višimortalitet embriona u inkubaciji jaja izrazito velike mase u odnosu na ostale grupe,zbog čega izboru jaja za nasad treba posvetiti posebnu pažnju i u pogledu mase.

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Selected References and Suggested Readings

Cited by 36 publications

References 184 publications

Summaries

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Rediscovering the chick embryo as a model to study retinal development

Uticaj Mase Rasplodnih Jaja Roditeljskog Jata Teškog Linijskog Hibrida Na Rezultate Inkubacije

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