Selected Sleep Disturbances in School Children Reported by Parents: Prevalence, Interrelationships, Behavioral Correlates and Parental Attributions

Fisher, Barbara E.; Wilson, Alexander E.

doi:10.2466/pms.1987.64.3c.1147

Cited by 65 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…However, our data do not allow for speculations about a possible relation between these reversed developments because of the small sample size. Incidence of nightmares (any type) for children without ASD / PTSD (varying between 16% ten days and 32% two months postaccident) was roughly comparable to a large scale study by Fisher and Wilson (1987).…”

Section: Nightmares and Psychopathologysupporting

confidence: 66%

Posttraumatic nightmares and psychopathology in children after road traffic accidents

Wittmann

Zehnder

Schredl

et al. 2010

Journal of Traumatic Stress

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Tables: 504 Total: 5'799 2 Abstract Posttraumatic nightmares are considered as a re-experiencing symptom of the DSM-IV posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) diagnosis. Different types of posttraumatic nightmares, however, may differ in their relation to psychopathology. Thirty-two children were longitudinally assessed ten days, two, and six months after traffic accidents. Occurrence and characteristics of nightmares were examined and their relation to psychopathology assessed.Thirty-four percent of children reported posttraumatic nightmares during at least one assessment. Exact replicative nightmares at baseline assessment predicted PTSD symptoms two and six months postaccident, but not depressive symptoms. Exact replicative nightmares revealed the strongest cross-sectional association with trauma-specific psychopathology but not with depression. We conclude that posttraumatic nightmares -especially exact replicative ones -may be closely related to psychopathological mechanisms of posttraumatic stress in children. 3Survivors of potentially traumatic events such as accidents, disasters or acts of violence often suffer from psychopathological sequelae. In particular, symptoms of acute or posttraumatic stress disorder (ASD / PTSD; American Psychicatric Association (APA), 1994), such as re-experiencing the traumatic event, avoiding traumatic stimuli, and hyperarousal are frequently reported (Kessler, Sonnega, Bromet, Hughes, & Nelson, 1995).Frequent complaints of individuals suffering from posttraumatic stress are nightmares.Usually, nightmares are defined as frightening dreams from which the dreamer awakes (e.g., . Several representative studies have reported nightmare incidences of 50-70% in adults suffering from PTSD (Kilpatrick, et al., 1998;Leskin, Woodward, Young, & Sheikh, 2002;Neylan, et al., 1998) results. One large scale study including Kurdish children indicated that trauma exposure was related to more realistic dreams lacking in bizarreness and symbolism (Punamäki, Ali, Ismahil, & Nuutinen, 2005). However, a detailed examination of the worst dreams experienced by 13 teenage girls following severe sexual abuse showed a different picture (Garfield, 1987). In this sample, dreams contained no explicit replications but only symbolic references to the traumatic experiences.Several theories propose that posttraumatic nightmares are related to the central pathological mechanism of posttraumatic stress disorder (Kramer, Schoen, & Kinney, 1984;Schreuder, 1995;Stickgold, 2002). For instance, Stickgold (2002) In the first assessment (10 days after the accident) the number of nightmares (introduced as "frightening dreams") since the accident was examined. At the assessments two and six months postaccident, nightmare frequency since the accident was assessed through the nightmare frequency scale of the CAPS item B2. This scale ranges from 0 = never and 1 = 1-2 times a month to 4 = almost every day. In order to keep the nightmare interview as simple as possible, it was not asked how many of the frightening dreams we...

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Section: Nightmares and Psychopathologysupporting

confidence: 66%

Posttraumatic nightmares and psychopathology in children after road traffic accidents

Wittmann

Zehnder

Schredl

et al. 2010

Journal of Traumatic Stress

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“…4,24,38,39 As also noted in previous studies, 24,40,41 it was found that sleepwalking commonly begins in childhood and less frequently in adolescence. In addition, in most cases, the condition is outgrown before the age of 10 years.…”

Section: Sleepwalkingsupporting

confidence: 50%

“…Finally, numerous studies have shown that family disruption, low parental education, or low social class are positively associated with the presence of parasomnias, especially to enuresis. 6,13,[23][24][25][26] There have been many studies on the prevalence of a single parasomnia in large samples of randomly selected normal children, but this is the first study to evaluate simultaneously the prevalence of the most frequent parasomnias in a large, randomly stratified sample of normal children with the same methods of investigation. The major aims of this study were: 1) to document the prevalence and developmental aspects of the most frequent parasomnias in the same children between 3 and 13 years of age, and 2) to assess gender differences, relationships between parasomnias, and associations with anxiety and family adversity in 11-year-old children.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Parasomnias From Childhood to Early Adolescence

Laberge

Tremblay²,

Vitaro³

et al. 2000

Pediatrics

369

175

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ABSTRACT.Objectives. This study examines the prevalence and developmental changes of parasomnias and assesses gender differences, relationships between parasomnias, and associations with anxiety and family adversity using data collected during the course of a longitudinal study of a representative sample of children from Québec.Method. The present analyses are based on results available for 664 boys and 689 girls for whom mothers have completed questions concerning demographics, parasomnias, and anxiety level. For the prevalence and developmental aspects of parasomnias, prospective data were collected at annual intervals from 11 to 13 years old and retrospective data for the period between ages 3 and 10 years were collected when the children were 10 years old.Results. Somniloquy, leg restlessness, and sleep bruxism are the most frequent parasomnias. More girls were afflicted with leg restlessness, while enuresis and somniloquy were more common in boys. High anxiety scores were found in children suffering from night terrors, somniloquy, leg restlessness, sleep bruxism, and body rocking. Parasomnias were unrelated to the index of family adversity.Conclusions. Although sleepwalking, night terrors, enuresis, and body rocking dramatically decreased during childhood, somniloquy, leg restlessness, and sleep bruxism were still highly prevalent at age 13 years, paralleling results found in adults. Sleepwalking, night terrors, and somniloquy are conditions often found together. The only robust gender difference was for enuresis. High anxiety scores in parasomnias are reported for the first time in a large, controlled study. Sociodemographic variables do not seem to play a major role in the occurrence of parasomnias. Pediatrics 2000; 106:67-74; sleep disorders, parasomnias, epidemiology, gender differences, anxiety, childhood, adolescence.

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“…As reported in previous studies, nightmare frequency was related to the occurrence of other parasomnias (e.g., [11,32]), sleep problems (e.g., [10,27]) and waking-life psychopathology (see introduction). The highest correlation was found for the emotional problems score of the SDQ which encompasses the occurrence of headaches, worries, anxieties and being unhappy and nervous.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%