Selecting optimal blocks for image watermarking using entropy and distinct discrete firefly algorithm

Moeinaddini, Elham

doi:10.1007/s00500-018-3535-9

Cited by 23 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The performance of the proposed scheme is further validated by comparing it with recent state-of- the-art DIW schemes [ 18 , 23 , 27 , 28 , 31 , 32 ] in terms of imperceptibility, robustness, embedding rate, security, and fitness function. Performance comparison has been done with a non-blind scheme proposed by Ansari and Pant [ 18 ] and blind schemes proposed by Moeinaddini [ 31 ], Singh and Bhatnagar [ 32 ], Sharma and Mir [ 27 ], and Zainol et al [ 23 ]. The scheme proposed in [ 18 ] uses PC for embedding watermark bits in the DWT-SVD domain.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This scheme suffers from low imperceptibility, robustness, and security. The Hadmaard transform based scheme is proposed in [ 31 ]. This scheme uses DDFA for scaling factor optimization.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the schemes presented in [ 12 , 15 , 17 , 21 , 22 , 26 ] optimize watermarking characteristics but ignore watermark security. For watermark security, schemes in [ 16 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 ] use entropy, histogram, pseudo random key, DDFA, d-sequence, and GBA, respectively, for adaptively locating embedding blocks, but provide lower security. Similarly, schemes proposed in [ 11 , 14 , 18 , 20 , 30 , 31 ] have high imperceptibility but are less secure.…”

Section: Brief Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For watermark security, schemes in [ 16 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 ] use entropy, histogram, pseudo random key, DDFA, d-sequence, and GBA, respectively, for adaptively locating embedding blocks, but provide lower security. Similarly, schemes proposed in [ 11 , 14 , 18 , 20 , 30 , 31 ] have high imperceptibility but are less secure. However, the techniques presented in [ 24 , 28 , 33 ] achieve great imperceptibility, robustness, and security at the expense of a large computational cost.…”

Section: Brief Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To address these challenges, a novel DIW scheme is proposed in this paper. The proposed scheme is motivated by Ansari and Pant [ 18 ], Moeinaddini [ 31 ], Singh and Bhatnagar [ 32 ], Sharma and Mir [ 27 ], and Zainol et al [ 23 ]. A contribution of the proposed scheme is as follows: High Watermark Security: The proposed scheme ensures twofold watermark security by encrypting the watermark and then embedding it in randomly selected positions in transformed cover image blocks.…”

Section: Brief Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Blind and Secured Adaptive Digital Image Watermarking Approach for High Imperceptibility and Robustness

Singh

Devi

Thakkar

et al. 2021

Entropy

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In the past decade, rapid development in digital communication has led to prevalent use of digital images. More importantly, confidentiality issues have also come up recently due to the increase in digital image transmission across the Internet. Therefore, it is necessary to provide high imperceptibility and security to digitally transmitted images. In this paper, a novel blind digital image watermarking scheme is introduced tackling secured transmission of digital images, which provides a higher quality regarding both imperceptibility and robustness parameters. A block based hybrid IWT- SVD transform is implemented for robust transmission of digital images. To ensure high watermark security, the watermark is encrypted using a Pseudo random key which is generated adaptively from cover and watermark images. An encrypted watermark is embedded in randomly selected low entropy blocks to increase the security as well as imperceptibility. Embedding positions within the block are identified adaptively using a Blum–Blum–Shub Pseudo random generator. To ensure higher visual quality, Initial Scaling Factor (ISF) is chosen adaptively from a cover image using image range characteristics. ISF can be optimized using Nature Inspired Optimization (NIO) techniques for higher imperceptibility and robustness. Specifically, the ISF parameter is optimized by using three well-known and novel NIO-based algorithms such as Genetic Algorithms (GA), Artificial Bee Colony (ABC), and Firefly Optimization algorithm. Experiments were conducted for the proposed scheme in terms of imperceptibility, robustness, security, embedding rate, and computational time. Experimental results support higher effectiveness of the proposed scheme. Furthermore, performance comparison has been done with some of the existing state-of-the-art schemes which substantiates the improved performance of the proposed scheme.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This scheme suffers from low imperceptibility, robustness, and security. The Hadmaard transform based scheme is proposed in [ 31 ]. This scheme uses DDFA for scaling factor optimization.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%