Selecting recharge protocols for deep-discharge nickel-hydrogen cells and batteries

Redox-Mediated Electrodialysis for Desalination, Environmental Remediation, and Resource Recovery

“…Asymmetric Redox Flow Electrodialysis for Energy Harvesting. Since its initial development in the 1970s for photovoltaic applications, 151 the concept of redox flow batteries (RFBs) has been incorporated into various other applications, including desalination, to either store energy in the long term or to decrease the overall energy consumption of the process. 152,153 Besides, RFBs have been recognized as a promising renewable energy storage technology with the ability to provide reversible conversion between chemical energy and electrical energy based on solution-phase redox reactions in circulating electrolytes.…”

“…Since its initial development in the 1970s for photovoltaic applications, the concept of redox flow batteries (RFBs) has been incorporated into various other applications, including desalination, to either store energy in the long term or to decrease the overall energy consumption of the process. , Besides, RFBs have been recognized as a promising renewable energy storage technology with the ability to provide reversible conversion between chemical energy and electrical energy based on solution-phase redox reactions in circulating electrolytes. , RFBs commonly employ two distinct redox species for cathodic and anodic reactions, with a considerable redox potential gap to generate energy during discharge . RFBs present numerous advantages, including independent control of capacity and rate, superior long-term stability compared to Li-ion batteries, high energy efficiency, and modularity, leading to the commercialization of RFB systems as part of photovoltaic modules. − With these advantages, attempts have been made to incorporate the RFB concept into the desalination system by utilizing two distinct redox species for cathodic and anodic reactions (Figure b).…”

Titanium Nitride Nanorods Array‐Decorated Graphite Felt as Highly Efficient Negative Electrode for Iron–Chromium Redox Flow Battery

“…Therefore, RFBs have broad application prospects as one of the preferred technologies for largescale energy storage. [1][2][3][4] Since the invention of iron-chromium RFBs (ICRFBs) in 1974 by Larry Thaller at NASA, [5] significant research and application progress has been made in the development of RFBs. In recent years, the development of RFBs has become relatively mature, and vanadium, iron-chromium, and zinc-bromine systems have been implemented in serial commercial demonstration projects.…”

Electrodes with metal-based electrocatalysts for redox flow batteries in a wide pH range

“…Large-scale energy storage devices which improve the safety and reliability of renewable energies are solutions to this problem. [6,7] Among which, redox flow batteries (RFBs), proposed by Thaller in 1974, with decoupling energy and power, high safety, long durability and easy scalability have been considered as giant promising candidates for large-scale energy storage systems [8][9][10]. Generally, the RFBs consist of three important components as electrolytes, membranes and electrodes [11].…”