“…The hydrogen molecule and its ionic companion serve as benchmark molecular systems to understand the complex strong-field processes at the fundamental level. [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] Various experimental parameters are used to control the electronic and nuclear dynamics in these simple molecular systems in real time, such as peak intensity of the laser pulse, polarization, relative phase between the two-color laser pulses, pulse duration, chirp, wavelength, etc. 12,15,21,22 In molecules, the dynamics of the nuclei follow the slower-moving pulse envelope, whereas the electrons follow the rapidly oscillating electric field under the envelope.…”