Selection and Evaluation of White Clover Clones. III. Clonal Differences in Branching in Relation to Leaf Area Production and Persistence<sup>1</sup>

Beinhart, George; Gibson, Pryce B.; Halpin, J. E.; Hollowell, E. A.

doi:10.2135/cropsci1963.0011183x000300010027x

Cited by 23 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…Numbers of secondary stolons were significantly different only in one period -late winter -although the whole plant destructive harvest in mid November showed that Huia and Pitau had 10-19% more secondary stolons than Spanish. The main results seem to be at variance with those of Bienhart et al (1963) who found major differences between races of white clover in the numbers of secondary stolons developed, and the leaf area grown on these. However, in the present study, the periods of growth which were monitored were perhaps too short at 8-9 weeks to allow secondary stolons to develop to any extent.…”

Section: Leaf Longevitycontrasting

confidence: 54%

“…However, in the present study, the periods of growth which were monitored were perhaps too short at 8-9 weeks to allow secondary stolons to develop to any extent. In addition, this study did not include periods of high temperatures, whereas the measurements of Bienhart et al (1963) extended over 6-8 months, and spanned the main growing season.…”

Section: Leaf Longevitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ellis Davies & Young (1967) found a strong correlation between leaflet size of white clover (Trifoliwn repens L.) and ability to grow in the cool season. While investigating persistence of ladinotype white clovers in the warm temperate environment of Carolina, United States, Bienhart et al (1963) found that leaf production was dependent on the frequency of stolon branching because the differences in dry matter (OM) yield arose entirely from differences in leaf grown on secondary stoIons. When the present investigation was commenced there were no other data on differences in growth between white clover ecotypes or selections.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In 1974 Hoglund & Brock published results showing different growth responses by white clover cultivars to temperature, and Williams & Hoglund (1978) demonstrated morphological differences between white clover types in growth cabinet experiments. However, the work of Ellis Davies & Young (1967) was conducted in a northern maritime environment differing considerably from that of New Zealand, as did the site of Bienhart et al (1963) work, and the results of and Williams & Hoglund (1978) are derived from stolon node segments grown in growth cabinets for a relatively short time. There seemed, therefore.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparison of herbage yield of European and Mediterranean ecotypes of white clover

Smetham

1986

New Zealand Journal of Experimental Agriculture

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A medium-leaved certified white clover (Tr(fo/ium repens L. 'Grasslands Huia'), a largeleaved white clover ecotype from Spain, and a hybrid of these ('Grasslands Pitau'), were grown as spaced plants in the field in the South Island, New Zealand. A comparison of the components of herbage yield obtained from measurements of growth on a marked stolon showed that during winter, late winter, and spring, the leaf dry matter (OM) yield of the Spanish ecotype exceeded that of Huia by up to 70%. There was little difference in the total number of leaves formed per stolon, the number of leaves grown per unit stolon length, or specific leaf weight. and hence OM yield differences resulted from the considerably larger area per leaf developed by 'Spanish', which was between 70% and 100% larger than that of Huia. Pitau was mostly intermediate in leaf character, sometimes aligning with Spanish and sometimes with Huia. The superior leaf growth of the larger leaved white clovers during all three observation periods agrees with other observations on the temperature responses of these cultivars, i.e., superiority at either 'Iow' or 'high' temperature -in this instance, monthly mean temperatures were all 'Iow'. Although the periods of observation were relatively short, some results su'ggest that leaf longevity may be greater for largeleaved ecotypes. Stolons grown by the ecotype from Spain were almost twice as heavy as those from Huia on a weight per unit length basis. Pi tau was intermediate. Otherwise, stolon growth was little different between cultivars for length and number. Other reports on the performance of white clovers, together with the results obtained in this investigation, lead to the conclusion that any condition which impairs the expression of potentially larger leaf size will reduce or eliminate the herbage production superiority of the larger leaved white clovers.

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Section: Leaf Longevitycontrasting

confidence: 54%

Section: Leaf Longevitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparison of herbage yield of European and Mediterranean ecotypes of white clover

Smetham

1986

New Zealand Journal of Experimental Agriculture

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“…These results parallel those of Potter (1993) in the United Kingdom, where the greatest effects of WC1MV infection were also found to be on stolon elongation, with lesser effects on petiole height and leaf length. The yield of white clover plants is related to the degree of stolon branching (Beinhart et al 1963). Potter's (1993) study found that the total number of growing points on infected plants was reduced by up to 44%, and growing points were often smaller.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimating the agronomic impact of white clover mosaic virus on white clover performance in the North Island of New Zealand

Dudas

Woodfield

Tong

et al. 1998

New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research

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The agronomic impact of white clover mosaic potexvirus (WC1MV) was determined using yield trials and a survey of virus incidence. The virus was shown to occur at high levels in white clover plants in pastures throughcut the North Island. The virus was detected in 69% of white clover plants from 42 mature pastures examined (>4 years old) and in 52% of white clover plants examined on roadsides. The virus was also detected in 15 pastures less than 4 years old, but at a lower level (18% infection). The effect of WC1MV on plant growth was determined using clonal and non-clonal lines of the modern white clover cv. Grasslands Tahora in a replicated spaced plant field trial. Uninoculated plants were shown to out-produce inoculated plants at each of three harvest dates over one year. Infected plants produced, in total, 36.5% less dry matter than uninoculated plants. The major effect of WC1MV A 97056Received 11 August 1997; accepted 4 December 1997 infection was on stolon elongation, with lesser effects on leaf length and petiole height. These results indicate that substantial gains can be expected from cultivars resistant to this pathogen.

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Morphological plasticity of white clover (Trifolium repens L.) in response to spatial and temporal resource heterogeneity

2002

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Heterogeneity in resource distribution has been an important selective force shaping morphological plasticity in plants. When resources are patchily distributed, changes in morphology are assumed to affect placement of the resource-acquiring structures (roots and leaves) such that they enhance the plant's capacity for resource uptake. Morphological development of four white clover (Trifolium repens) genets was studied in two glasshouse experiments. In the spatial experiment, two substrates (potting soil and sand) were used to create the following discrete patch combinations, sand-sand, soil-sand, sand-soil, and soil-soil. Stolons grew across each combination and consecutive ramets from a given stolon permitted rooting in each substrate pair. In the temporal experiment, the two ramets were first rooted in sand only. After a predetermined period, the sand was replaced and the same substrate combinations created as in the spatial experiment. In each experiment, total developmental time within a given substrate combination was held constant. All measurements were conducted on the second (i.e., younger) of the ramet pairs. In the spatial experiment, ramets rooted in soil had significantly greater branching frequencies than ramets rooted in the sand substrate, regardless of genotype or the preceding substrate type. Ramets occupying the sand-sand combination had the lowest branching frequencies but branch production for the ramet rooted in sand was higher if the preceding ramet was rooted in soil. The substrate occupied by a preceding ramet had no influence upon branching propensity if a ramet was rooted in soil. There were no significant differences in branching frequencies between the sand and soil substrates in the temporal experiment. The relationship between branching and substrate thus depended upon whether a ramet was exposed to a given substrate type during its early development. In both experiments, branched ramets in the soil-soil combinations had significantly greater shoot mass than corresponding ramets in the sand-sand combinations. Internode length was significantly shorter in the soil versus sand combinations of the spatial experiment but was unaffected by substrate in the temporal experiment. Leaf area and stolon width showed significant genotype×treatment interactions in both experiments but no consistent trends were evident; petiole length was unaffected by substrate.

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Selection and Evaluation of White Clover Clones. III. Clonal Differences in Branching in Relation to Leaf Area Production and Persistence¹

Cited by 23 publications

References 0 publications

Comparison of herbage yield of European and Mediterranean ecotypes of white clover

Comparison of herbage yield of European and Mediterranean ecotypes of white clover

Estimating the agronomic impact of white clover mosaic virus on white clover performance in the North Island of New Zealand

Morphological plasticity of white clover (Trifolium repens L.) in response to spatial and temporal resource heterogeneity

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Selection and Evaluation of White Clover Clones. III. Clonal Differences in Branching in Relation to Leaf Area Production and Persistence1

Cited by 23 publications

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Comparison of herbage yield of European and Mediterranean ecotypes of white clover

Comparison of herbage yield of European and Mediterranean ecotypes of white clover

Estimating the agronomic impact of white clover mosaic virus on white clover performance in the North Island of New Zealand

Morphological plasticity of white clover (Trifolium repens L.) in response to spatial and temporal resource heterogeneity

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Selection and Evaluation of White Clover Clones. III. Clonal Differences in Branching in Relation to Leaf Area Production and Persistence¹