Selection and Strain Specificity of Compatibility Between Snail Intermediate Hosts and Their Parasitic Schistosomes

Webster, Joanne P.; Woolhouse, Mark

doi:10.1111/j.1558-5646.1998.tb02243.x

Cited by 64 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…In order to determine whether resistance and/or susceptibility in the snail intermediate host has a heritable basis, a series of recent studies have been performed in our laboratory (which follow on from the excellent early work by, among others, Richards and colleagues [Richards 1970[Richards , 1973[Richards , 1975). In an initial artificial selection study, Webster and Woolhouse (1998) chose unselected adult (parental generation: P 1 ) snails from each of two different geographical origins (one Vespiano strain, originally from Brazil, and the other strain from Puerto Rico), and individually exposed them to five Schistosoma mansoni miracidia, also from each of two different geographical origins (one originally from Puerto Rico, although from a different area than the original snail population, and the other from Kenya). Both snail and parasite geographical strains had been maintained in the laboratory for ≥20 generations.…”

Section: Does the Necessary Genetic Architecture And Variabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such specificity is a fundamental assumption of many coevolutionary models and theories, such as that of frequency dependent or Red Queen coevolution (Hamilton 1980), and could also account for the greater compatibility among many sympatric host-parasite populations in the field (Manning et al 1995;Morand et al 1996;Lively et al 2004, in this issue). Webster and Woolhouse (1998) used the same artificially selected resistant and susceptible snail lines as described above and exposed half the F 3 generation snails from each line to the same (their "own") parasite strain to which they had been selected, and the other half were exposed to a novel S. mansoni strain to which they had not been selected. A matched number of control snails were exposed to both parasite strains.…”

Section: Does the Necessary Genetic Architecture And Variabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Do Hosts and Parasites Coevolve? Empirical Support from the Schistosoma System

Webster

Gower

Blair

2004

The American Naturalist

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Coevolution between host and parasite is, in principle, a powerful determinant of the biology and genetics of infection and disease. However, coevolution is difficult to demonstrate rigorously in practice and therefore has rarely been observed empirically, particularly in animal-parasite systems. Research on host-schistosome interactions has the potential for making an important contribution to the study of coevolution or reciprocal adaptation. This may be particularly pertinent because schistosomes represent an indirectly transmitted macroparasite, so often overlooked among both theoretical and empirical studies. Here we present ideas and experiments on host-schistosome interactions, in part reviewed from published work but focusing in particular on preliminary novel data from our ongoing studies of potential host-schistosome evolution and coevolution in the laboratory. The article is split into three main sections: we first focus on the evidence for evolution in the host, then in the parasite, before combining both to illustrate the gathering evidence of host-parasite coevolution in the snail-schistosome system. In particular, we demonstrate that genetic architecture, variability, and selective pressures are present for the evolution of resistance and susceptibility, virulence, and infectivity to occur, the mechanisms allowing such polymorphisms to be maintained, and that hosts and parasites appear to have reciprocal effects on each other's phenotype and genotype.

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Section: Does the Necessary Genetic Architecture And Variabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Does the Necessary Genetic Architecture And Variabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Do Hosts and Parasites Coevolve? Empirical Support from the Schistosoma System

Webster

Gower

Blair

2004

The American Naturalist

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“…In particular, genetic variation for resistance appears to be common in natural host populations (e.g. Grosholz 1994;Ebert et al 1998;Webster & Woolhouse 1998;Baer & Schmid-Hempel 1999;Little & Ebert 1999) and parasites differ genetically in their infectivity (e.g. Ebert 1994;Kraaijeveld & Van Alphen 1994;Lively 1989).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parasite–mediated selection in experimental metapopulations of Daphnia magna

Haag

Ebert

2004

Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B

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In metapopulations, only a fraction of all local host populations may be infected with a given parasite species, and limited dispersal of parasites suggests that colonization of host populations by parasites may involve only a small number of parasite strains. Using hosts and parasites obtained from a natural metapopulation, we studied the evolutionary consequences of invasion by single strains of parasites in experimental populations of the cyclical parthenogen Daphnia magna. In two experiments, each spanning approximately one season, we monitored clone frequency changes in outdoor container populations consisting of 13 and 19 D. magna clones, respectively. The populations were either infected with single strains of the microsporidian parasites Octosporea bayeri or Ordospora colligata or left unparasitized. In both experiments, infection changed the representation of clones over time significantly, indicating parasite-mediated evolution in the experimental populations. Furthermore, the two parasite species changed clone frequencies differently, suggesting that the interaction between infection and competitive ability of the hosts was specific to the parasite species. Taken together, our results suggest that parasite strains that invade local host populations can lead to evolutionary changes in the genetic composition of the host population and that this change is parasite-species specific.

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“…Empirically, the question of genetic variation for resistance in hosts and infectivity in parasites can be regarded as settled. Many studies on a wide variety of systems support the assumption (e.g., Webster and Woolhouse 1998; Carius et al 2001; Lively et al 2004; Salvaudon et al 2007, just to name a few). With respect to the assumption of specific interactions among host and parasite genotypes, the picture is less clear.…”

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confidence: 96%

Genotypic Variation and the Role of Defensive Endosymbionts in an All-Parthenogenetic Host-Parasitoid Interaction

et al. 2009

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Models of host-parasite coevolution predict pronounced genetic dynamics if resistance and infectivity are genotype-specific or associated with costs, and if selection is fueled by sufficient genetic variation. We addressed these assumptions in the black bean aphid, Aphis fabae, and its parasitoid Lysiphlebus fabarum. Parasitoid genotypes differed in infectivity and host clones exhibited huge variation for susceptibility. This variation occurred at two levels. Clones harboring Hamiltonella defensa, a bacterial endosymbiont known to protect pea aphids against parasitoids, enjoyed greatly reduced susceptibility, yet clones without H. defensa also exhibited significant variation. Although there was no evidence for genotype-specificity in the H. defensa-free clones' interaction with parasitoids, we found such evidence in clones containing the bacterium. This suggests that parasitoid genotypes differ in their ability to overcome H. defensa, resulting in an apparent host × parasitoid genotype interaction that may in fact be due to an underlying symbiont × parasitoid genotype interaction. Aphid susceptibility to parasitoids correlated negatively with fecundity and rate of increase, due to H. defensa-bearing clones being more fecund on average. Hence, possessing symbionts may also be favorable in the absence of parasitoids, which raises the question why H. defensa does not go to fixation and highlights the need to develop new models to understand the dynamics of endosymbiont-mediated coevolution.

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Selection and Strain Specificity of Compatibility Between Snail Intermediate Hosts and Their Parasitic Schistosomes

Cited by 64 publications

References 28 publications

Do Hosts and Parasites Coevolve? Empirical Support from the Schistosoma System

Do Hosts and Parasites Coevolve? Empirical Support from the Schistosoma System

Parasite–mediated selection in experimental metapopulations of Daphnia magna

Genotypic Variation and the Role of Defensive Endosymbionts in an All-Parthenogenetic Host-Parasitoid Interaction

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