Selection approaches to the variation of responses to soil compaction stress among maize hybrids ( Zea mays L.)

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In this study, we examined responses of maize hybrids differing in susceptibility to soil compaction and drought in the case of their separate or combined action. We ran field and greenhouse experiments and determined effects on grain yield, biomass, weight of 1000 grains, shoot and roots dry matter (DM), shoot‐to‐roots ratio, harvest index, plant height, emergence index, leaf area and greening and root number and length. Individual and combined effects of both stresses were observed in the field and greenhouse. Compared with plants growing in loose soil and optimal irrigation (LI), the resistant hybrids in treatments HI, LD and HD showed a smaller reduction in GY, BY, S, R, RN and RL than the sensitive. In both groups, stress influence on HA, W‐1000, LA and SPAD was smaller and the differences were insignificant. Compared with LI treatment, the roots of LD, HI and HD increased their DM, number and length in the upper level of the soil profile and the number of roots developed at 0–30° and 30–60° in relation to the root main axis. Analysis of those traits in the hybrids resistant and sensitive to both stress factors enabled to explain a defence response. Our study demonstrated that soil compaction and soil drought, which usually occurs simultaneously, caused significant changes in components of plant yield and showed plant plasticity in response to environmental factors under natural conditions.

“…The first two indicate the class and early age group, while the third one determines the colour of the kernel. (Grzesiak et al, 2021).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of soil drought on growth and yield of maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids grown under compacted soil

Grzesiak

Hura

Maksymowicz

et al. 2022

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“…1 and 2) or four (exp. 3 and 4) maize hybrid single-crosses (SC) selected based on our earlier experiments, and the information received from breeders (Grzesiak et al, 2017(Grzesiak et al, ,2021. The hybrids produced dent or flint grain, and according to FAO number, most hybrids belonged to the earlymaturing group and the hybrid obtained from Serbia belonged to the late-maturing group (Table 1).…”

Section: Plant Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Responses of a root system structure to soil compaction stress among maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids

Rut

Grzesiak

Maksymowicz

et al. 2021

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Effects of soil compaction stress were investigated in maize hybrids subjected to low (L‐1.10), medium (M‐1.30) and high (H‐1.60 g/cm3) soil compaction. The hybrids selected for the study differed in their susceptibility to growth under soil compaction stress conditions. We used appropriate methods of non‐destructive cleaning and analysis of all intact compartments of the root system. Petrolatum–wax test, proved as an effective screening technique for selecting resistant and sensitive maize hybrids, was also employed. The seedlings were grown in custom‐made ‘root‐box’ and ‘root‐basket’ containers. The penetration resistance (PR) strength of 0.52 and 1.07 MPa was satisfactory for estimating root penetration index (RPA) among maize hybrids. The soil compaction stress affected root system structure (RSS) in maize hybrids. The resistant hybrids showed a lower decrease in root dry matter (DM) in M and H treatments at 0.0–15 cm soil depth, and an increase in the number of roots growing at an angle of 0°–30° in relation to the main growth axis, comparing to sensitive hybrids. The soil compaction stress lowered root number (RN) and length (RL), shoot and root DM, and increased shoot to root ratio (S/R). The changes were greater in sensitive than in resistant hybrids. In addition, a regression coefficient (R2) between stress susceptibility index (SSI) and relative trace change (RTC) marked for changes in dry matter of shoot (S), roots (R), shoot to root (S/R) ratio and root length (RL) and number RN was statistically significant. Seedlings of maize single‐cross hybrids demonstrated differences in their responses to soil compaction stress, which caused changes in shoot and root dry matter and the distribution of roots in the soil profile.

“…However, there is little information about the effects on plant shoot growth and the relationship with yield stability of soybean genotypes under stress. This is because other environmental factors can influence the effects of soil compaction and make it difficult to understand plant responses, which are determined by genes and depend on age, genotype, as well as the intensity and duration of stress (Grzesiak et al, 2021). In this way, stress susceptibility indices are used to understand plant strategies (based on the mathematical relationship between stress and non‐stress conditions), with the intention of removing or alleviating the influence of environmental factors and classifying genotypes according to their performance and sensitivity (Grzesiak et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of soybean genotypes grown under soil compaction

Capobiango

Bessa

Peris

et al. 2023

Soil compaction has caused negative impacts on soybean productivity due to the excessive use of machinery and heavy agricultural implements in the cultivation areas. Effects of two levels of soil compaction were investigated on 60 soybean genotypes in a field experiment. Soil properties, weather conditions in the region and changes in agronomic characteristics of the crop were evaluated. The genotypes were divided into three groups according to the relative maturity group (RMG) and classified according to stress susceptibility. Compaction increased soil density and soil mechanical resistance to penetration, varying according to the registered rainfall regime. The genotype responses to compaction in the three groups, in general, were increased seedling emergence (EME), initial height (IH), number of nodes (NN), shoot dry matter (SDM), and final height (FH) of the plants. However, there was a reduction in the relative growth rate (RCR), in the number of pods (NP), and in grain yield (PROD). From the calculation of the stress susceptibility index (SSI) it was possible to identify tolerant and sensitive soybean genotypes to soil compaction stress. SSI and the relative trait change index (RTC) indicated the responses that the tolerant genotypes present under conditions of high mechanical impedance. Therefore, soil compaction provides greater seedling emergence and vegetative growth, but significant losses in soybean yield. Soil compaction‐tolerant genotypes show smaller reductions in relative growth rate, absolute growth rate, final height, number of pods, and grain yield.