Selection Criteria and Screening of Potential Biomass-Derived Streams as Fuel Blendstocks for Advanced Spark-Ignition Engines

McCormick, Robert L.; Fioroni, Gina M.; Fouts, Lisa; Christensen, Earl; Yanowitz, Janet; Polikarpov, Evgueni; Albrecht, Karl; Gaspar, Daniel J.; Gladden, John M.; George, Anthe

doi:10.4271/2017-01-0868

Cited by 150 publications

(126 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Equations (6)-(10) are used with the theoretical optical constants to produce theoretical reflectance coefficients with an assumed thickness, which are further used in Eqs. (11) and (13) to obtain theoretical W and D values. The theoretical W and D are compared to the experimental results, and the parameter v 2 is used to quantify the adequacy of the fit (the lower the v 2 the closer the fit).…”

Section: Experimental Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Alternative fuels are an important part of the plan to achieve these desires [6,7]. However, before an alternative fuel can be used, it must be comprehensively tested for its compatibility with existing infrastructure, engine architecture, combustion, and emission [8][9][10][11], and the infrastructure for its implementation must be built [12]. An important fuel property that must be characterized is the thermal stability [13], which is a measure of the degree to which a fuel breaks down when it is heated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ellipsometric Measurements of the Thermal Stability of Alternative Fuels

Nash

Klettlinger

Vasu

2017

Journal of Energy Resources Technology

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Thermal stability is an important characteristic of alternative fuels that must be evaluated before they can be used in aviation engines. Thermal stability refers to the degree to which a fuel breaks down when it is heated prior to combustion. This characteristic is of great importance to the effectiveness of the fuel as a coolant and to the engine's combustion performance. The thermal stability of Sasol IPK, a synthetic alternative to Jet-A, with varying levels of naphthalene has been studied on aluminum and stainless steel substrates at 300 to 400 °C. This was conducted using a spectroscopic ellipsometer to measure the thickness of deposits left on the heated substrates. Ellipsometry is an optical technique that measures the changes in a light beam's polarization and intensity after it reflects from a thin film to determine the film's physical and optical properties. It was observed that, as would be expected, increasing the temperature minimally increased the deposit thickness for a constant concentration of naphthalene on both substrates. The repeatability of these measurements was verified using multiple trials at identical test conditions. Lastly, the effect of increasing the naphthalene concentration at a constant temperature was found to also minimally increase the deposit thickness.

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Section: Experimental Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ellipsometric Measurements of the Thermal Stability of Alternative Fuels

Nash

Klettlinger

Vasu

2017

Journal of Energy Resources Technology

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“…Isopentanol is also known as isoamyl alcohol, isopentyl alcohol, isobutyl carbinol, and 3-methyl-1-butanol. In addition, alcohols with desirable properties as advanced SI engine fuels include 2-pentanol and 2-methyl-1-butanol (McCormick et al, 2017).…”

Section: Physicochemical Properties Of Pentanolmentioning

confidence: 99%

Utilization of Pentanol as Biofuels in Compression Ignition Engines

2020

Front. Mech. Eng.

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Of several higher alcohols such as pentanol, hexanol, octanol, decanol, dodecanol, phytol, and fusel oil, pentanol isomers have recently received remarkable attention as alternative fuels for diesel engines because they emit less greenhouse gases and harmful pollutants. Because of great potential as a blending component and physicochemical properties of pentanol, binary blends such as diesel/pentanol and biodiesel/pentanol and ternary blends such as diesel/biodiesel/pentanol were mainly studied in the conventional diesel engine. Quaternary blends of diesel, biodiesel, straight vegetable oil, and pentanol were also investigated. Very few information related to the application of pentanol to advanced compression ignition (CI) engine is available in the literature. The diesel/pentanol blends coupled with exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) technology could simultaneously reduce NOx and soot emissions from CI engine. Further, diesel/pentanol blends generally produced higher CO and hydrocarbon (HC) emissions than did diesel fuel. However, CO and HC emissions were significantly reduced by mixing the cetane improver with the blends. Up to 45-50% n-pentanol/diesel blends can be safely used in diesel engines without any engine modification or any additive. However, in terms of kinematic viscosity, lubricity, and oxidation stability of diesel/pentanol blends, the use of pentanol should be limited to concentrations below 10%. Generally, in the studies of biodiesel/pentanol blends in CI engines, the reduction of CO, HC, NOx, and smoke emissions was observed compared to neat biodiesel. For ternary blends, diesel/biodiesel/pentanol blends were mainly investigated by the researchers. The emission characteristics in terms of CO, HC, NOx, and smoke opacity showed the different trends according to the pentanol proportion in the ternary blends, particularly <10% or more than 10%. To increase the biofuels in the CI engine, more studies for the quaternary blends of pentanol are required.

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“…In a study conducted as a part of the US DOE Co-Optimization of Fuels and Engines Program (Co-Optima) [3], 369 molecules representing 14 chemical families were assessed for their potential as SI engine blendstocks [33]. That study yielded a set of 41 blendstocks that included nine alcohols: methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, 2-propanol, 1-butanol, 2-butanol, iso-butanol, 2-methyl-2-pentanol, and 2-pentanol.…”

Section: Outcome Of Stage 1 Screeningmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since fuel properties are vitally important for enabling SI engines to run at high efficiencies and with low emissions, several countries have started initiatives to develop, in tandem, advanced fuels, and advanced engines. Two examples are the Co-Optima program funded by the US DOE in the US [3] and the Tailor-Made Fuels from Biomass initiative in Germany [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Promising Alternative Mono-Alcohol Fuel Blend Components for Spark Ignition Engines

2020

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Alcohols are attractive fuel blendstocks for spark ignition engines due to their high octane values and potentially positive influence on performance and emission. Although methanol, ethanol, and butanol have been widely studied, other biomass-derived alcohols may have similar or better properties. However, it is not feasible to experimentally investigate the fuel potential of every molecule. The goals of this study were to develop a methodology for rapid screening of a fuel property database for mono-alcohols and to identify alcohols with the potential of blending to produce advantaged motor gasolines. A database was developed with 13 fuel properties of all saturated C1-C10 mono-alcohols. A decision framework was used to evaluate alcohols suitable for blending in gasoline for spark ignition engines in two scenarios: low-range (up to 15 vol%) blends and high-range (greater than 40 vol%) blends. The low-range blend cases resulted in the identification of 48 alcohols. In the case of high-range blending, only six alcohols were found to be suitable. This is the first study to systematically evaluate all C1-C10 saturated alcohols for blending with gasoline using relevant fuel properties. A novel aspect of this study is the evaluation of the influence of errors in predicted property values. These scenario screenings focus attention on a smaller number of promising candidate molecules, and the approach could be modified for other classes of fuel molecules, engine types, and fuel blending goals.

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Selection Criteria and Screening of Potential Biomass-Derived Streams as Fuel Blendstocks for Advanced Spark-Ignition Engines

Cited by 150 publications

References 42 publications

Ellipsometric Measurements of the Thermal Stability of Alternative Fuels

Ellipsometric Measurements of the Thermal Stability of Alternative Fuels

Utilization of Pentanol as Biofuels in Compression Ignition Engines

Identification of Promising Alternative Mono-Alcohol Fuel Blend Components for Spark Ignition Engines

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