Selection for a Fluoroacetate Resistant Strain of House Flies and Investigation of Its Resistance Pattern1

Tahori, A. S.

doi:10.1093/jee/56.1.67

Cited by 16 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…Based upon our results, together with the known development of tolerance to fluoroacetate (1080) in animal populations with natural exposure to fluoroacetate (Twigg & King 1991), and the demonstration that resistance to 1080 can be selected for in rats (Howard, Marsh & Palmateer 1973) and flies (Tahori 1963) in the laboratory, the development of resistance to 1080 may well be occurring in free‐ranging populations of pest species other than rabbits. For example, the use of 1080 to control introduced predators such as the fox Vulpes vulpes in Australia, and stoats Mustela erminea in New Zealand, has increased considerably in recent times (Seawright & Eason 1994; Saunders et al .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

“…and house flies Musca domestica by dosing successive generations at LD 75 -LD 90 levels. The LD 50 was increased from 2·0 to 3·5 mg 1080 kg −1 (1·8-fold) over five generations for the rats (Howard, Marsh & Palmateer 1973), and from 0·6 to 4·2 µg fly −1 (seven-fold) over 25 generations for the flies (Tahori 1963). The development of bait/poison shyness could provide an alternative hypothesis for explaining the relatively poor efficacy we observed at those sites with the more tolerant rabbits; however, such selection would not result in the development of genetic resistance to 1080, as seen in some of our rabbit populations.…”

Section:      mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evidence of pesticide resistance in medium‐sized mammalian pests: a case study with 1080 poison and Australian rabbits

Twigg

Martin

Lowe

2002

Journal of Applied Ecology

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Summary1. Toxicant-resistance is a potential, or very real, problem with many pest-control programmes world-wide. However, apart from rodents, pesticide-resistance has not been well documented in vertebrates. We assessed the potential impact of developing resistance to 1080 in rabbit populations with differing levels of historical exposure to 1080-baiting programmes in south-western Australia. 2. The sensitivity to 1080 of three out of the four populations of rabbits Oryctolagus cuniculus examined had decreased significantly since Australian rabbits were last tested over 25 years ago. The lethal dose 50 (LD 50 ) values for these populations, as determined from formal toxicity trials, ranged from 0·744 to 1·019 mg pure 1080 kg − 1 , and were significantly greater ( P < 0·05) than the previously reported values for Australian rabbits (LD 50 range 0·34-0·46 mg pure 1080 kg). The LD 50 value for the fourth population (0·584 mg pure 1080 kg − 1 ), which has had the least exposure to 1080, did not differ from that reported previously ( P > 0·05). 3. The lethal dose 99 (LD 99 ) values for the four rabbit populations tested ranged from 1·181 to 1·666 mg pure 1080 kg − 1 , and suggested that, theoretically, all rabbits should be killed during routine baiting campaigns provided that there is no loss of active ingredient from the bait. In reality, the efficacy of 1080 poison bait laid in trails for controlling free-ranging rabbits was reduced in those populations where rabbits had decreased sensitivity to 1080. Mean reductions in rabbit numbers 7-9 days after trail baiting of resistant and sensitive populations ranged from 51·2% to 65·2%, and from 76·4% to 76·5%, respectively. 4. These findings suggest that genetic resistance to 1080 is developing in at least some populations of Australian rabbits. This has world-wide implications for agricultural protection and wildlife conservation programmes that rely on a 1080-baiting strategy for reducing the impact of vertebrate pests.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

Section:      mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence of pesticide resistance in medium‐sized mammalian pests: a case study with 1080 poison and Australian rabbits

Twigg

Martin

Lowe

2002

Journal of Applied Ecology

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“…For applying the insecticide, the bees were held in a Buchner funnel under light COx anesthesia. An acetone solution of the given insecticide was then applied topically to the dorsal thorax with an Agla microsyringe modified for the automatic delivery of a constant volume of 1 ~1 (Tahori, 1963). About four dosages of each compound, causing between 1(~-90% mortality, were employed.…”

Section: Experimental Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variability in Insecticide Tolerance of Eighteen Honey‐bee Colonies

Tahori

Sobel

Soller

1969

Entomologia Exp Applicata

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Tolerance to two chlorinated hydrocarbon (DDT and endrin) and two organophosphorous insecticides (trichlorfon and ronnel) in 18 Italian bee colonies was studied using topical applications. The LD50 values obtained for each insecticide were subjected to a component of variance analysis. Correlation coefficients between LD50's for the various insecticides and between LD50 and body weight and fat content were also calculated. From a consideration of the variation between colonies, it is suggested that selection based on the exploitation of existing polygenic variation can provide only minor increases in LD50's, and that development of resistant bee strains will require methods that capitalize upon major gene mutations. RÉSUMÉ VARIABILITÉ DE LA TOLÉRANCE AUX INSECTICIDES DANS DIX‐HUIT COLONIES D'ABEILLES DOMESTIQUES La tolérance envers 2 organochlorés (DDT et endrin) et envers 2 esters phosphoriques (trichlorfon et ronnel) a été étudiée dans 18 colonies d'abeilles italiennes. La méthode employée a consisté dans l'application sur la partie dorsale du thorax, d'une solution acétonique d'insecticide. Les abeilles ont été maintenues en groupes de 10 individus dans des sacs de polyvinyl à une température de 26° C et 70 H.R., avec une réserve d'eau et un mélange de sucre et de miel. La mortalité a été évaluée après 24 heures. L'action de chaque insecticide sur une colonie a été évaluée trois fois pendant l'expérience. La teneur en lipides des abeilles de chaque colonie a été déterminée par extraction à l'éther. Les valeurs der DL50 obtenues ont été analysées statistiquement. On a évalué aussi les coefficients de corrélation entre les DL50 pour chaque insecticide ainsi que la relation entre la DL50, le poids des insectes et leur teneur en lipides. La fréquence de distribution de DL50 pour chaque colonie a été normale pour le trichlorfon, le ronnel et l'endrin tandis qu'elle était irrégulière pour le DDT: les valeurs de DL50 pour 2 colonies étaient 2 fois plus élevées que pour les autres. Les différences dans les valeurs des DL50 entre les colonies étaient significatives à l'exception de l'endrin. Le degré de répétition de ces différences était très marqué pour le ronnel, moyen pour le DDT, et assez bas pour l'endrin et le trichlorfon. Une corrélation positive a été décelée entre la résistance envers certains insecticides. Cette corrélation a été plus marquée entre le trichlorfon et le ronnel, le DDT et le ronnel, moins marquée entre le DDT et l'endrin, et entre le trichlorfon et l'endrin ou le ronnel et presque nul entre le ronnel et l'endrin. On a trouvé une corrélation directe assez importante entre le poids des insectes vivants et la DL50 pour les produits organo‐phosphorés et une corrélation indirecte entre la teneur en lipides et la DL50 pour le DDT. En considérant les différences entre les colonies, on arrive à la conclusion que la sélection basée sur l'utilisation des variations polygéniques existantes peut expliquer seulement des augmentations minimes dans les valeurs de la DL50 (1 à 2 μg), mais le développement des...

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“…There was also a positive correlation between the degree of 1080-tolerance and the length of exposure to the toxin, and Twigg et al (2002) suggested that continuous ingestion of sublethal doses of 1080 was the most likely mechanism for increased toxin-tolerance. Laboratory studies have also demonstrated rapid development of 1080-tolerance (Tahori 1963;Howard et al 1973). Laboratory rats (Rattus norvegicus) given sublethal (LD 75 -LD 90 ) doses of 1080 over successive generations developed a 1.8-fold increase in LD 50 levels in five generations (Howard et al 1973), while house flies (Musca domestica) showed a 7-fold increase over 25 generations (Tahori 1963).…”

Section: Physiological Mechanisms Of Toxin-tolerancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Laboratory studies have also demonstrated rapid development of 1080-tolerance (Tahori 1963;Howard et al 1973). Laboratory rats (Rattus norvegicus) given sublethal (LD 75 -LD 90 ) doses of 1080 over successive generations developed a 1.8-fold increase in LD 50 levels in five generations (Howard et al 1973), while house flies (Musca domestica) showed a 7-fold increase over 25 generations (Tahori 1963).…”

Section: Physiological Mechanisms Of Toxin-tolerancementioning

confidence: 99%

Reduced efficacy of baiting programs for invasive species: some mechanisms and management implications

Allsop

Dundas

Adams

et al. 2017

Pac. Conserv. Biol.

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Abstract. 'Bait-resistance' is defined as progressive decreases in bait efficacy in controlled pest species populations. Understanding the mechanisms by which bait-resistance can develop is important for the sustainable control of pests worldwide, for both wildlife conservation programs and agricultural production. Bait-resistance is influenced by both behavioural (innate and learned bait-avoidance behaviour) and physiological aspects of the target pest species (its natural diet, its body mass, the mode of action of the toxin, and the animal's ability to biochemically break down the toxin). In this review, we summarise the scientific literature, discuss factors that can lead to innate and learned aversion to baits, as well as physiological tolerance. We address the question of whether bait avoidance or tolerance to 1080 could develop in the red fox (Vulpes vulpes), an introduced predator of significant economic and environmental importance in Australia. Sublethal poisoning has been identified as the primary cause of both bait avoidance and increased toxin-tolerance, and so, finally, we provide examples of how management actions can minimise the risk of sublethal baits in pest species populations.

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Selection for a Fluoroacetate Resistant Strain of House Flies and Investigation of Its Resistance Pattern1

Cited by 16 publications

References 0 publications

Evidence of pesticide resistance in medium‐sized mammalian pests: a case study with 1080 poison and Australian rabbits

Evidence of pesticide resistance in medium‐sized mammalian pests: a case study with 1080 poison and Australian rabbits

Variability in Insecticide Tolerance of Eighteen Honey‐bee Colonies

Reduced efficacy of baiting programs for invasive species: some mechanisms and management implications

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