Selection for a red tide organism: Physiological responses to the physical environment1,2

Tyler, Mary A.; Seliger, H. H.

doi:10.4319/lo.1981.26.2.0310

Cited by 108 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…This density is in the upper range of total photosynthetic nanoflagellate (2-20 µm range) densities in the Bay between April and October (Dolan and Coats, 1990), indicating that G.galatheanum can dominate the 2-20 µm nanophytoplankton. Gyrodinium galatheanum densities were similar to those reported for Prorocentrum minimum, a well known bloomforming species in Chesapeake Bay (Tyler and Seliger, 1978, 1981), during 1995(Stoecker et al, 1997. Larger-size bloom-forming dinoflagellates, such Coef.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

Spatial and temporal aspects of Gyrodinium galatheanum in Chesapeake Bay: distribution and mixotrophy

Li¹,

Stoecker²,

Coats³

2000

Journal of Plankton Research

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Abstract. Gyrodinium galatheanum (Braarud) Taylor 1995 is a common bloom-forming, potentially toxic photosynthetic dinoflagellate in Chesapeake Bay, USA. Abundance of this dinoflagellate achieved densities >4 ϫ 10 3 cells ml -1 in the mid-and upper Bay during late spring and early summer of 1995 and 1996. Ingestion of cryptophytes by this dinoflagellate was detected in most samples collected from the Bay. During late spring and early summer, mean number of ingested cryptophytes per G.galatheanum was as high as 0.46 for dinoflagellate populations located in surface waters of the mid-and upper Bay where dissolved inorganic phosphorus was low. Observations on the distribution of G.galatheanum in Chesapeake Bay show that populations of this dinoflagellate were usually restricted to waters with salinities ranging from 7 to 18 psu, seasonally progressed up the estuary, and usually co-occurred with cryptophytes. Correlation analysis indicates that abundance of G.galatheanum and incidence of feeding was negatively correlated with dissolved inorganic phosphorus, and that incidence of feeding was positively correlated with abundance of cryptophyte prey. These results indicate that G.galatheanum is an important component of the Chesapeake Bay phytoplankton during the spring and summer. Our results suggest that the phagotrophic capability possessed by this phototrophic dinoflagellate may contribute to its success in a varying-resource environment like Chesapeake Bay.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

Spatial and temporal aspects of Gyrodinium galatheanum in Chesapeake Bay: distribution and mixotrophy

Li¹,

Stoecker²,

Coats³

2000

Journal of Plankton Research

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“…Others have documented the cessation of dinoflagellate vertical movement at steep salinity or temperature gradients (e.g. Seliger et al 1970, George & Heaney 1978, Tyler & Seliger 1981, but the gradients we measured were quite small. The simplest explanation is that the cells moved to the depth where they could satisfy photosynthetic requirements without photoinhibition.…”

Section: Migration Patternsmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Another impact is that the vertical accumulation of individual cells may determine the horizontal distribution of the population as a whole. If the cells aggregate at specific depths, possibly due to the suppression of phototaxis at sharp salinity gradients (Seliger et al 1970, Tyler & Seliger 1981 or to the selection of an optimal light environment (George & Heaney 1978, Heaney & Talling 1980, differential movement of water layers due to wind stress or 2-layer estuarine flow can then selectively transport the populations horizontally (Seliger et al 1970, Heaney & Talling 1980, Tyler & Seliger 1981. In all cases, a well-stratified water column has been a prerequisite for the differential horizontal motion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selective retention of two dinoflagellates in a well-mixed estuarine embayment: the importance of diel vertical migration and surface avoidance

Anderson¹,

Stolzenbach²

1985

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

115

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Diel vertical migration patterns of the dinoflagellates Gonyaulax tamarensis and Heterocapsa triquetra were monitored in an estuarine embayment subject to localized blooms of both species. A concurrent study of tidal flushing using a dye tracer demonstrated an efficient, densitydriven mixing process that exchanged water within the embayment at a rate of approximately 0.5 d-'. Loss rates of the whole pond populations of G. tamarensis and H. trjquetra cells were smaller, ranging between 0.02 and 0.13 d-'. The cells were thus able to maintain a non-mixed distribution even under weakly stratified conditions. This selective retention of the 2 species relative to water exchange was due to the differential advection of surface and bottom waters through the inlet channel and the general avoidance of high irradiance surface layers by the dinoflagellates. Both species migrated to irradiances equivalent to 30% of summer sunlight when nutrients were presumably non-limiting, resulting in subsurface aggregations 1 to 2 m deep. Under nutrient-limited conditions, G. tamarensjsmigration was restricted to irradiance at or below 10 to 15% summer sunlight. Planozygotes (a life-cycle stage preceding cyst formation) migrated in a manner indistinguishable from the remainder of the nutrientlimited G. tamarensis population. The results help to explain the dominance of dinoflagellates in such embayments, the localization of their blooms, and the distribution of their resting cysts in the region.

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“…This seasonal stabilization of cross-frontal mixing may favor the development of distinct phytoplankton communities in the front in summer (Seliger et al 1981, Krause et al 1986). …”

Section: Subsurface Summer Production In the Frontmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytoplankton dynamics in a coastal jet frontal region

Levasseur¹,

Fortier²,

Therriault³

et al. 1992

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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ABSTRACT. We studied the physiological status and turbulent transport of phytoplankton across the quasi-permanent 150 km long estuarine front separating the Gaspe current from the Anticosti gyre (NW Gulf of St. Lawrence, Canada). In early June, chl a concentrations reached 35 pg 1-' in the current, but remained < 1 pg 1-' in the gyre. At that time of maximum river runoff and horizontal shear stress, the phytoplankton biomass developing in the current was rapidly transported across the front by turbulent mixing. The strong correlation between chl a and salinity (r = -0.96) lndcated that the rate of crossfrontal dilution far exceeded the rate of phytoplankton production. The N : C and C . c h l a ratios increased and decreased, respectively, with cross-frontal mixlng as nutrient-deficient cells from the Gaspe current experienced higher nutrient concentrations and a deepening of the mixed layer in the front. As freshwater runoff and frontal mixing decreased in summer, phytoplankton biomass accumulated in the density front and at the base of the jet current, where low advection and sufficient light and nutrient conditions prevailed. Sporadic upwelling along the front contributed a n estimated 5 and 9 O/O of the total seaward flux of nitrate and silicate, respectively. Thus, nutrients from the drainage basin of the St. Lawrence, rather than the frontal upwelling of deep water, would b e responsible for the bulk of the inorganic nutrient flux from the NW Gulf of St. Lawrence to the southern Gulf and the Scotian Shelf.

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Selection for a red tide organism: Physiological responses to the physical environment1,2

Abstract: The dinoflagellate Prorocentrum mariae-Zehouriae

Cited by 108 publications

References 20 publications

Spatial and temporal aspects of Gyrodinium galatheanum in Chesapeake Bay: distribution and mixotrophy

Spatial and temporal aspects of Gyrodinium galatheanum in Chesapeake Bay: distribution and mixotrophy

Selective retention of two dinoflagellates in a well-mixed estuarine embayment: the importance of diel vertical migration and surface avoidance

Phytoplankton dynamics in a coastal jet frontal region

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