Selection for breed-specific long-bodied phenotypes is associated with increased expression of canine hip dysplasia

Roberts, Taryn; McGreevy, Paul D.

doi:10.1016/j.tvjl.2009.11.005

Cited by 20 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The influence of dog-showing as a tool for change should not be underestimated, and the training and education of judges to ensure that they reward only dogs with healthy morphologies in the show-ring is an area to focus upon. Indeed, it has previously been noted that judges in the show-ring are actively rewarding the long rectangular appearance that is typical of many breeds predisposed both to IVDE, as demonstrated here, and to hip dysplasia [42]. Education of judges has already begun in Sweden, with the Swedish Kennel Club producing breed-specific instructions that highlight morphometric risk factors to judges in at-risk breeds [43].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How Long and Low Can You Go? Effect of Conformation on the Risk of Thoracolumbar Intervertebral Disc Extrusion in Domestic Dogs

et al. 2013

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Intervertebral disc extrusion (IVDE) is a common neurological disorder in certain dog breeds, resulting in spinal cord compression and injury that can cause pain and neurological deficits. Most disc extrusions are reported in chondrodystrophic breeds (e.g. Dachshunds, Basset Hounds, Pekingese), where selection for ‘long and low’ morphologies is linked with intervertebral discs abnormalities that predispose dogs to IVDE. The aim of this study was to quantify the relationship between relative thoracolumbar vertebral column length and IVDE risk in diverse breeds. A 14 month cross-sectional study of dogs entering a UK small animal referral hospital for diverse disorders including IVDE was carried out. Dogs were measured on breed-defining morphometrics, including back length (BL) and height at the withers (HW). Of 700 dogs recruited from this referral population, measured and clinically examined, 79 were diagnosed with thoracolumbar IVDE following diagnostic imaging ± surgery. The BL:HW ratio was positively associated with IVDE risk, indicating that relatively longer dogs were at increased risk, e.g. the probability of IVDE was 0.30 for Miniature Dachshunds when BL:HW ratio equalled 1.1, compared to 0.68 when BL:HW ratio equalled 1.5. Additionally, both being overweight and skeletally smaller significantly increased IVDE risk. Therefore, selection for longer backs and miniaturisation should be discouraged in high-risk breeds to reduce IVDE risk. In higher risk individuals, maintaining a lean body shape is particularly important to reduce the risk of IVDE. Results are reported as probabilities to aid decision-making regarding breed standards and screening programmes reflecting the degree of risk acceptable to stakeholders.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How Long and Low Can You Go? Effect of Conformation on the Risk of Thoracolumbar Intervertebral Disc Extrusion in Domestic Dogs

et al. 2013

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“…In the GSD, the use of adult conformation measurements made is necessary to account for WH dif-ferences when analyzing BW information. Accordingly, BMI (i.e., BW adjusted for WH) was considered because it should better reflect the body proportions and the stature of the dog than BW alone because BMI is highly correlated with the ratio of body length to body height (Roberts and McGreevy, 2010). For BMI in the GSD, the relation between heritability of the conformation trait and heritability of the within-litter variance was inverted when compared with the studies on porcine birth weight, but the additive genetic correlations between the BW-related traits were similar.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sex-specific minima and maxima of WH and BW are therefore fixed in the breeding standard of the GSD, and selection as a breeding dog requires fitting the standard. Body mass index (BMI) reflects the relation between BW and WHI A BMI, calculated similarly as in humans, may be a useful measure in dogs by favoring body shapes that are taller than they are long (Roberts and McGreevy, 2010). Dogs with conformational attributes leading to a reduced BMI and a decreased body length-to-height ratio are supposed to be at decreased risk for hip dysplasia, based on across-breed studies (Gomhaire and Snaps, 2008;Roberts and McGreevy, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Body mass index (BMI) reflects the relation between BW and WHI A BMI, calculated similarly as in humans, may be a useful measure in dogs by favoring body shapes that are taller than they are long (Roberts and McGreevy, 2010). Dogs with conformational attributes leading to a reduced BMI and a decreased body length-to-height ratio are supposed to be at decreased risk for hip dysplasia, based on across-breed studies (Gomhaire and Snaps, 2008;Roberts and McGreevy, 2010). Selection on BMI may therefore be more efficient in producing dogs of favorable body proportions and stature with respect to hip dysplasia, even if BMI is not yet used as a selection trait.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Selection for conformation and conformational homogeneity of litters in the German shepherd dog

Stock

Dammann

Distl

2012

Journal of Animal Science

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Breeding standards of most dog breeds specify tolerable ranges of certain conformation traits. In the German shepherd dog (GSD), current means for withers height (WH) and BW are close to the upper breed limits. Therefore, strategies to avoid a further increase in size and to maximize the proportion of dogs fitting the breeding standard with respect to WH and BW should be compared. Body measurements were available for 14,416 male and 21,612 female GSD from 26,155 litters. Withers height and body mass index (BMI; i.e., BW/WH(2)) were considered direct selection traits. Using information on 17,154 GSD from litters with at least 2 dogs with conformation data, we defined within-litter variances of WH (vWH) and BMI (vBMI) as traits to select for the conformational homogeneity of litters. Officially recorded scores for canine hip dysplasia (CHD) of all dogs were used to monitor possible side effects of conformation selection on CHD. Genetic parameters were estimated multivariately in linear animal models by using Gibbs sampling. Heritabilities ranged between 0.19 and 0.34 for all traits, and additive genetic correlations between WH and vWH were -0.11 and those between BMI and vBMI were 0.11. The expected selection response was studied using the relative breeding values (RBV) of parents, assuming exclusion of sires, dams, or both with RBV larger than 120 and comparing means of WH, BMI, and CHD scores between offspring of all and selected parents. Concurrent selection for small WH and vWH was found to reduce the mean WH in males and females most efficiently while having little effect on CHD distributions. Multiple-trait selection for WH, vWH, BMI, and vBMI was hindered by the negative genetic correlations between the traits, and it tended to interfere with improvement of CHD status. Use of the RBV for WH and vWH for conformation selection is therefore recommended to maximize breeding success with regard to conformation and conformational homogeneity in the GSD.

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“…Foram mensurados os ângulos entre os processos articulares de L7 e S1 (PA), entre as epífises distal de L7 e proximal de S1 (EPIF), o ângulo lombossacro (LS), a amplitude de movimento (ROM) desses ângulos, o ponto de interseção das retas que formam esses ângulos e a respectiva ROM. Os resultados mostraram que a altura do canal vertebral em L7 é menor no Pastor Alemão (9,5mm) e maior no Rottweiler (10, (Scharf et al, 2004). A estenose degenerativa do canal vertebral lombossacro é a causa mais comum de síndrome da cauda equina e ocorre mais comumente em cães pertencentes às raças de médio e grande porte, como o Pastor http://dx…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Estudo radiográfico da articulação lombossacra em cães das raças Pastor Alemão, Rottweiler e Doberman

Silva

Rocha

Tôrres

et al. 2015

Arq. Bras. Med. Vet. Zootec.

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RESUMOEste trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a variação entre diferentes raças das medidas radiográficas da articulação lombossacra. Foram utilizados 20 cães da raça Pastor Alemão, 20 cães da raça Rottweiler e 20 da raça Doberman. A articulação lombossacra foi avaliada radiograficamente com os membros pélvicos em posição neutra (N), em ventroflexão (VF) e dorsoextensão (DE). Foram mensurados os ângulos entre os processos articulares de L7 e S1 (PA), entre as epífises distal de L7 e proximal de S1 (EPIF), o ângulo lombossacro (LS), a amplitude de movimento (ROM) desses ângulos, o ponto de interseção das retas que formam esses ângulos e a respectiva ROM. Os resultados mostraram que a altura do canal vertebral em L7 é menor no Pastor Alemão (9,5mm) e maior no Rottweiler (10, (Scharf et al., 2004). A estenose degenerativa do canal vertebral lombossacro é a causa mais comum de síndrome da cauda equina e ocorre mais comumente em cães pertencentes às raças de médio e grande porte, como o Pastor http://dx The lumbosacral joint was assessed radiographically with the hind limbs in neutral position (N), in ventral flexion (VF) and dorsal extension (DE). We measured the angles between the L7 and S1 articular processes (PA), between the distal L7 and S1 proximal epiphysis (EPIF), the lumbosacral angle (LS), range of motion (ROM) of these angles, the intersection point of the lines that form these angles and their ROM. The results show that the height of the spinal canal in L7 is lower in German Shepherds (9.5mm) than in Dobermans (10mm) and Rottweilers (10.5 mm). The EPIF-DE was higher in the German Shepherd (38.03°). The PA-N was lower in German Shepherd (15.98 °). The LS-VF was lower in the Doberman (170.01°), and LS did not differ statistically between German Shepherd (179.17°) and Rottweiler (176.61°). The ROM of the LS and EPIF angles were greater in the German

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Selection for breed-specific long-bodied phenotypes is associated with increased expression of canine hip dysplasia

Cited by 20 publications

References 15 publications

How Long and Low Can You Go? Effect of Conformation on the Risk of Thoracolumbar Intervertebral Disc Extrusion in Domestic Dogs

How Long and Low Can You Go? Effect of Conformation on the Risk of Thoracolumbar Intervertebral Disc Extrusion in Domestic Dogs

Selection for conformation and conformational homogeneity of litters in the German shepherd dog

Estudo radiográfico da articulação lombossacra em cães das raças Pastor Alemão, Rottweiler e Doberman

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