Selection for Drought Resistance in Dry Bean Landraces and Cultivars

Abstract

Drought is a worldwide constraint to dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) production. The objective of this research was to determine the response of three dry bean landraces and 13 cultivars evaluated under non-stressed (NS) and intermittent drought-stressed (DS) environments at Kimberly, Idaho in 2003 and 2004. The NS received seven irrigations in 2003 and five in 2004, and DS only four in 2003 and two in 2004. Most water use occurred within the top 0.5 m soil in both the NS and DS. Drought reduced biomass and seed yield, harvest index, and seed weight. Maturity was delayed in severe drought, but was similar or shortened by 1 to 6 d under moderate drought. Mean seed yield was reduced by 62% in 2003 and by 27% in 2004. Common Red Mexican and CO 46348 had high seed yield in both NS and DS environments, whereas 'Matterhorn' and 'Othello' yielded comparatively high under DS but moderately in NS environment. Drought resistance was inadvertently reduced from Common Red Mexican landrace to intermediate levels in 'NW-63' and 'UI 239' released in 1979 and 1993, respectively, and more recently released 'LeBaron ' (1999) and 'UI 259' (1996) were susceptible. Conversely, drought resistance was increased in newer pinto (Othello 1986; CO 46348) and great northern (Matterhorn 1998) releases compared to the landraces and older cultivars tested for those market classes. Seed yield in NS and DS was positively correlated. Seed yield was also correlated with harvest index in DS and NS. All early maturing cultivars except Othello (e.g., UI 59, US 1140, Common Pinto, Topaz, UI 320, and LeBaron) were susceptible. Common Red Mexican did not have any reduction in seed weight due to drought stress. Drought resistant genotypes should be used for determining irrigation frequency, amount of water to be applied, and mechanisms of resistance and for identifying, mapping, and pyramiding favorable genes for dryland and irrigation-assisted sustainable production systems.

Differential Effects of Post-Flowering Drought Stress on Growth and Yield of the Basic Generations of Two Common Bean (<i>Phaseolus Vulgaris L</i>.) Populations

“…Similar findings have previously been reported for the crop (Acosta et al, 2004;Munoz-Perea et al, 2006;GhassemiGolezeni and Mardaf, 2008). Differences in yield among the generations (and the parents, in particular) of both crosses under drought conditions confirmed the degrees of resistance inherent to the genotypes.…”

“…In dry bean, drought resistance was reported in the races Durango, Mesoamerica, and Jalisco (Teran and Singh 2002). The highest level of drought resistance among these races occurs in the race Durango, which originated in the semiarid central and northern highlands of Mexico (Munoz-Perea et al, 2006).…”

“…Drought stress is an endemic problem throughout the world and the common bean production under water limiting conditions is common (Munoz-Perea et al, 2006). The effects of drought on common beanare dependent on the intensity, type, duration of the stress and growth stages affected (Munoz-perea et al, 2006).…”

“…The effects of drought on common beanare dependent on the intensity, type, duration of the stress and growth stages affected (Munoz-perea et al, 2006). In dry bean, excessive abortion of flowers, young pods, and seeds occurs because of drought str during pre-flowering (10-12 days before an thesis) and reproductive periods.…”

New genetic sources of resistance in the genus Phaseolus to individual and combined aluminium toxicity and progressive soil drying stresses

“…There is an urgent need for developing high yielding drought resistant cultivars that use water efficiently, reduce dependence on irrigation water and associated production costs, increase and stabilize yield in drought-prone environments, and increase profit margins for producers (Muñoz-Perea et al 2006). Selection for drought resistance based on yield alone may not recover all specific physiological attributes as these might be expressed differentially under distinct conditions (Subbarao et al 1995).…”