Selection for early shoot vigour in wheat increases root hair length but reduces epidermal cell size of roots and leaves

Hendriks, Pieter‐Willem; Ryan, Peter R.; Hands, Philip J.W.; Rolland, Vivien; Gurusinghe, Saliya; Weston, Leslie A.; Rebetzke, G. J.; Delhaize, Emmanuel

doi:10.1093/jxb/erac048

Cited by 12 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 81 publications

(99 reference statements)

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“…The inhibition of cell elongation suggests that cell walls constrain cells from expanding resulting in increased turgor pressure which in turn could drive the elongation of hairs. Observations to support this notion comes from a study of wheat germplasm varying for vigour where cell size and root hair length were inversely correlated (Hendriks et al 2022). The thicker roots of Stumpy grown with high Ca 2+ (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…3) and these cells are about two-fold longer than they are wide. The root cell diameters are ~30 µm (radius ~15 µm) and the root hair diameters in wheat are about 15 µm (radius 7.5 µm; (Hendriks et al (2022)). Therefore, volumes (= π r 2 l) of Bars in magenta are lines that were found to have large rhizosheaths when screened visually on limed Robertson soil in Canberra.…”

Section: Conservation Of Root Trichoblast Volume Conceptmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A conditional mutation in a wheat (Triticum aestivum) gene regulating root morphology.

Delhaize,

Zeng,

Ford

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Root morphology is central to plants for the efficient uptake up of soil water and mineral nutrients. Here we describe a conditional mutant of hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum) that when grown in soil with high Ca2+, develops a larger rhizosheath accompanied with shorter roots than the wild type. In wheat, rhizosheath size is a reliable surrogate for root hair length and this was verified in the mutant which possessed longer root hairs than the wild type when grown in high Ca2+ soil. We named the mutant Stumpy and showed it to be due to a single semi-dominant mutation. The short root phenotype at high Ca2+ was due to reduced cellular elongation which might also explain the long root hair phenotype. Analysis of root cell walls showed that the polysaccharide composition of Stumpy roots is remodelled when grown at non-permissive (high) Ca2+ concentrations. The mutation mapped to chromosome 7B and sequencing of the 7B chromosomes in both wild type and Stumpy identified a candidate gene underlying the Stumpy mutation. As part of the process to determine if the candidate gene was causative, we identified wheat lines in a Cadenza TILLING population with large rhizosheaths but accompanied with normal root length. This finding illustrates the potential of manipulating the gene to disconnect root length from root hair length as a means of developing wheat lines with improved efficiency of nutrient and water uptake. The Stumpy mutant will be valuable for understanding the mechanisms that regulate root morphology in wheat.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Conservation Of Root Trichoblast Volume Conceptmentioning

confidence: 99%

A conditional mutation in a wheat (Triticum aestivum) gene regulating root morphology.

Delhaize,

Zeng,

Ford

et al. 2023

Preprint

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The inhibition of cell elongation suggests that cell walls constrain cells from expanding resulting in increased turgor pressure which in turn could drive the elongation of hairs. Observations to support this notion comes from a study of wheat germplasm varying for vigour where cell size and root hair length were inversely correlated (Hendriks et al 2022 ). The thicker roots of Stumpy grown with high Ca 2+ (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

A conditional mutation in a wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) gene regulating root morphology

Zeng,

Ford,

Doležel

et al. 2024

Theor Appl Genet

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Key message Characterisation and genetic mapping of a key gene defining root morphology in bread wheat. Abstract Root morphology is central to plants for the efficient uptake up of soil water and mineral nutrients. Here we describe a conditional mutant of hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) that when grown in soil with high Ca2+ develops a larger rhizosheath accompanied with shorter roots than the wild type. In wheat, rhizosheath size is a reliable surrogate for root hair length and this was verified in the mutant which possessed longer root hairs than the wild type when grown in high Ca2+ soil. We named the mutant Stumpy and showed it to be due to a single semi-dominant mutation. The short root phenotype at high Ca2+ was due to reduced cellular elongation which might also explain the long root hair phenotype. Analysis of root cell walls showed that the polysaccharide composition of Stumpy roots is remodelled when grown at non-permissive (high) Ca2+ concentrations. The mutation mapped to chromosome 7B and sequencing of the 7B chromosomes in both wild type and Stumpy identified a candidate gene underlying the Stumpy mutation. As part of the process to determine whether the candidate gene was causative, we identified wheat lines in a Cadenza TILLING population with large rhizosheaths but accompanied with normal root length. This finding illustrates the potential of manipulating the gene to disconnect root length from root hair length as a means of developing wheat lines with improved efficiency of nutrient and water uptake. The Stumpy mutant will be valuable for understanding the mechanisms that regulate root morphology in wheat.

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“…Root hairs were examined by excising 1 cm of root tissue from the middle of the primary and seminal roots (5 cm from the initiation point) at 8 days of growth. Root hair length was measured as described by Hendriks et al (2022) . In brief, the excised tissue previously mentioned was placed on the glass slide containing a few drops of water and gently agitated to spread the root hairs.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Humic acid improves wheat growth by modulating auxin and cytokinin biosynthesis pathways

Rathor,

Upadhyay,

Ullah

et al. 2024

AoB PLANTS

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Humic acids have been widely used for centuries to enhance plant growth and productivity. The beneficial effects of humic acids have been attributed to different functional groups and phytohormone-like compounds enclosed in macrostructure. However, the mechanisms underlying the plant growth-promoting effects of humic acids are only partially understood. We hypothesize that the bio-stimulatory effect of humic acids is mainly due to the modulation of innate pathways of auxin and cytokinin biosynthesis in treated plants. A physiological investigation along with molecular characterization was carried out to understand the mechanism of bio-stimulatory effects of humic acid. A gene expression analysis was performed for the genes involved in auxin and cytokinin biosynthesis pathways in wheat seedlings. Furthermore, Arabidopsis thaliana transgenic lines generated by fusing the auxin-responsive DR5 and cytokinin-responsive ARR5 promoter to ß-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter were used to study the GUS expression analysis in humic acid treated seedlings. This study demonstrates that humic acid treatment improved the shoot and root growth of wheat seedlings. The expression of several genes involved in auxin (Tryptophan Aminotransferase of Arabidopsis and Gretchen Hagen 3.2) and cytokinin (Lonely Guy3) biosynthesis pathways was up-regulated in humic acid treated seedlings compared to the control. Furthermore, GUS expression analysis showed that bioactive compounds of humic acid stimulate endogenous auxin and cytokinin-like activities. This study is the first report in which using ARR5 :GUS lines we demonstrate the biostimulants activity of humic acid.

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Selection for early shoot vigour in wheat increases root hair length but reduces epidermal cell size of roots and leaves

Cited by 12 publications

References 81 publications

A conditional mutation in a wheat (Triticum aestivum) gene regulating root morphology.

A conditional mutation in a wheat (Triticum aestivum) gene regulating root morphology.

A conditional mutation in a wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) gene regulating root morphology

Humic acid improves wheat growth by modulating auxin and cytokinin biosynthesis pathways

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