Selection for high immune response: an alternative approach to animal health maintenance?

Wilkie, B.N.; Mallard, Bonnie A.

doi:10.1016/s0165-2427(99)00136-1

Cited by 130 publications

(120 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Third, the immuno-stimulatory effect of CMF may account at least partially for the increased performance of the animals. Indeed, domestic animals selected for higher immune response display better zootechnical performance (Wilkie & Mallard, 1999). A biochemical analysis of the piglet sera demonstrated that CMF extract was not harmful to the animals.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fermentation products of <i>Cordyceps militaris</i> enhance performance and modulate immune response of weaned piglets

Cheng¹,

Wen²,

Dybus³

et al. 2016

SA J. An. Sci.

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The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of supplementation of Cordyceps militaris fermentation products (CMF) on growth performance and immunocompetence of piglets. The study involved three groups of animals, which were supplemented with CMF (500, 1000 and 1500 μg/kg feed), and a control group. CMF supplementation significantly increased growth performance in weaned piglets. Bodyweight gain, average daily gain and feed intake in animals supplemented with 1000 µg CMF/kg feed were significantly higher in comparison with the control group. In addition, CMF supplementation only significantly increased the synthesis of Th1 cytokines, as indicated by the levels of IL-2 and IFN-γ. The piglets fed with the CMF supplement displayed an increased cellular immune response. Indeed, alveolar macrophages isolated from piglets supplemented with 1000 and 1500 µg CMF/kg feed had significantly higher chemotactic and phagocytic indices than those isolated from piglets that received the control feed or feed supplemented with 500 µg CMF/kg. In relation to the absence of effect on Th2 cytokines, the CMF supplement had no effect on hog cholera antibody titre. In summary, feed supplementation with CMF improves growth performance and enhances cell-mediated immunity. CMF supplementation may thus be useful at weaning to counteract physiological and immunological stress during this period. ______________________________________________________________________________________

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fermentation products of <i>Cordyceps militaris</i> enhance performance and modulate immune response of weaned piglets

Cheng¹,

Wen²,

Dybus³

et al. 2016

SA J. An. Sci.

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“…In support of this concept, an inverse relationship between antibody production and phagocytic cell function has been reported in Biozzi mice selected for high and low antibody production (Hale and Howard 1981) and in cattle selected for resistance or susceptibility to Brucella abortus (Price et al 1990). Although the importance of breeding strategies targeting resistance to specific diseases of economic importance, such as internal parasites in sheep (LeJambre et al 1971) and mastitis in dairy cattle (Heringstad et al 2000) is acknowledged, we suggest that breeding strategies should also incorporate selection for general disease resistance as manifested by an animal's ability to mount both cell-mediated and antibodymediated immune responses to diverse antigens (Wilkie and Mallard 1999).…”

Section: The Role Of Immune Responsiveness In General Environmental Rmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Such factors highlight the importance of considering the preferred final outcomes for both the host and pathogen when establishing selection strategies to improve animal health. When developing strategies to improve the environmental resilience of livestock in Australian production systems through improved animal health, the approach taken by our team has been to target general disease resistance following the strategy first proposed by Wilkie and Mallard (1999). Selection for general disease resistance through selection for enhanced immune responsiveness was targeted because in many cases of infectious disease it is critical to eliminate the causal agent in order to prevent mortality and unintended pathogen transmission to the environment and hence to other hosts.…”

Section: The Role Of Immune Responsiveness In General Environmental Rmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many genes contribute to the general immune responsiveness of the animal (Kelley et al 2005), which can be assessed as a quantitative trait by measuring responses to test antigens (Wilkie and Mallard 1999). This was first demonstrated among livestock species in Yorkshire pigs, where measures of innate and adaptive immunity (both cell-mediated and antibody-mediated) were combined to generate estimated breeding values for general immune responsiveness and to rank boars and gilts as high, intermediate and low immune responder (IR) phenotypes for use in future breeding programs .…”

Section: The Role Of Immune Responsiveness In General Environmental Rmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Resilience in farm animals: biology, management, breeding and implications for animal welfare

2016

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Abstract.A capacity for the animal to recover quickly from the impact of physical and social stressors and disease challenges is likely to improve evolutionary fitness of wild species and welfare and performance of farm animals. Salience and valence of stimuli sensed through neurosensors, chemosensors and immunosensors are perceived and integrated centrally to generate emotions and engage physiological, behavioural, immune, cognitive and morphological responses that defend against noxious challenges. These responses can be refined through experience to provide anticipatory and learned reactions at lower cost than innate less-specific reactions. Influences of behaviour type, coping style, and affective state and the relationships between immune responsiveness, disease resistance and resilience are reviewed. We define resilience as the capacity of animals to cope with short-term perturbations in their environment and return rapidly to their pre-challenge status. It is manifested in response to episodic, sporadic or situation-specific attributes of the environment and can be optimised via facultative learning by the individual. It is a comparative measure of differences between individuals in the outcomes that follow exposure to potentially adverse situations. In contrast, robustness is the capacity to maintain productivity in a wide range of environments without compromising reproduction, health and wellbeing. Robustness is manifested in response to persistent or cyclical attributes of the environment and is effected via activity of innate regulatory pathways. We suggest that for farm animals, husbandry practices that incorporate physical and social stressors and interactions with humans such as weaning, change of housing, and introduction to the milking parlour can be used to characterise resilience phenotypes. In these settings, resilience is likely to be more readily identified through the rate of return of variables to pre-challenge or normal status rather than through measuring the activity of diverse stress response and adaptation mechanisms. Our strategy for phenotyping resilience of sheep and cattle during weaning is described. Opportunities are examined to increase resilience through genetic selection and through improved management practices that provide emotional and cognitive enrichment and stress inoculation.Additional keywords: affective state, allostasis, animal behaviour, animal temperament, animal welfare, disease resistance, genetic selection, homeostasis, resilience, robustness, stress inoculation.

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“…Both these systems display large interindividual variations, partly attributable to genetic background. In pigs, breed-related differences have been observed for basal and stress-induced secretion of cortisol and adenocorticotropic hormone (Dé sauté s et al, 1999;Dé sauté s et al, 2002), acute-phase protein production -E-mail: Elodie.Merlot@rennes.inra.fr (Clapperton et al, 2007), leukocyte blood numbers (Clapperton et al, 2005a), antibody-and cell-mediated immune responses (Joling et al, 1993;Wilkie and Mallard, 1999) and susceptibility to several viruses (Opriessnig et al, 2006;Vincent et al, 2006;Petry et al, 2007). This variability was shown to rely on the additive genetic effects of a few quantitative trait loci (EdforsLilja et al, 2000;Wimmers et al, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health and immune traits of Basque and Large White pigs housed in a conventional or enriched environment

Merlot

Vincent

Thomas

et al. 2012

Animal

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Since decades, production traits such as growth rate, feed efficiency or body composition have been drastically increased in pigs by genetic selection. Whether this selection impacted animal robustness is still unclear. In this study, we compared Large White (LW) pigs, a breed submitted to intense genetic selection for production traits, and Basque (B) pigs, a local rustic breed, reared in two different housing environments (conventionalv.enriched). Adaptation to housing conditions among each breed was evaluated at the level of endocrine and immune traits. These are known to be impacted by housing conditions and breed; however, the interaction effects between genotype and environment are less described. Animals (20 per breed and housing environment) entered the experiment at 35 kg of live weight. Levels of cortisol, acute-phase inflammatory proteins, immunoglobulins and hydrogen peroxide, blood formula, lymphocyte proliferation andin-vitrocytokine expression were measured at ∼115 kg of live weight. Animals were checked for skin injuries during the growing period. At slaughter, at the average live weight of 145 kg, carcasses were examined for pathological conditions of the respiratory tract. The major result was that the two breeds exhibited differences in response to the housing environment. Among the 24 sanitary, endocrine or immune traits investigated, the housing conditions affected eight variables in both breeds (salivary cortisol at 0700 and 1900 h, severity of pneumonia at slaughter) or only in B pigs (severe skin lesions) or LW pigs (salivary cortisol at 1500 h, granulocyte numbers and lymphocyte/granulocyte ratio and lymphocyte proliferation). These observations strengthen the hypothesis that selection for high meat production level might be associated with an increased susceptibility of animals to environmental stressors.

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Selection for high immune response: an alternative approach to animal health maintenance?

Cited by 130 publications

References 21 publications

Fermentation products of <i>Cordyceps militaris</i> enhance performance and modulate immune response of weaned piglets

Fermentation products of <i>Cordyceps militaris</i> enhance performance and modulate immune response of weaned piglets

Resilience in farm animals: biology, management, breeding and implications for animal welfare

Health and immune traits of Basque and Large White pigs housed in a conventional or enriched environment

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