Selection for reluctance to avoid humans during the domestication of mice

Goto, Tatsuhiko; Tanave, Akira; Moriwaki, Kazuo; Shiroishi, Toshihiko; Koide, Tsuyoshi

doi:10.1111/gbb.12088

Cited by 31 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…The realized heritability ( h 2 ) was estimated using the average contacting and heading values for generations G 5 –G 12 for group S2 and for generations G 3 –G 12 for group S1. The estimated h 2 values for contacting in groups S2 and S1 were 0.205 ± 0.1 (SEM) and 0.07 ± 0.045, respectively, suggesting that contacting is heritable, albeit with low heritability in mice, consistent with a previous study 9 . The estimated h 2 values for heading in groups S2 and S1 were 0.393 ± 0.421 and 0.194 ± 0.206, respectively.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

Selective breeding and selection mapping using a novel wild-derived heterogeneous stock of mice revealed two closely-linked loci for tameness

Matsumoto

Goto

Nishino

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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Tameness is a major behavioral factor for domestication, and can be divided into two potential components: motivation to approach humans (active tameness) and reluctance to avoid humans (passive tameness). We identified genetic loci for active tameness through selective breeding, selection mapping, and association analysis. In previous work using laboratory and wild mouse strains, we found that laboratory strains were predominantly selected for passive tameness but not active tameness during their domestication. To identify genetic regions associated with active tameness, we applied selective breeding over 9 generations for contacting, a behavioural parameter strongly associated with active tameness. The prerequisite for successful selective breeding is high genetic variation in the target population, so we established and used a novel resource, wild-derived heterogeneous stock (WHS) mice from eight wild strains. The mice had genetic variations not present in other outbred mouse populations. Selective breeding of the WHS mice increased the contacting level through the generations. Selection mapping was applied to the selected population using a simulation based on a non-selection model and inferred haplotype data derived from single-nucleotide polymorphisms. We found a genomic signature for selection on chromosome 11 containing two closely linked loci.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

Selective breeding and selection mapping using a novel wild-derived heterogeneous stock of mice revealed two closely-linked loci for tameness

Matsumoto

Goto

Nishino

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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“…Regarding tameness, our previous genetic correlation analyses with 17 wild-derived and laboratory strains of mice revealed evidence that when a higher level of passive tame behavior is observed, active tame behavior tends to be high (Goto et al, 2013).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Furthermore, comparative analyses between wild and domestic mice revealed that the heritable behavioral characteristics, reluctance to avoid humans but not motivation to approach humans, will be the key for domestication of mice (Goto et al, 2013).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on the behavioral tests for tameness in foxes (Nelson et al, 2017), rats (Albert et al, 2008), and mice (Goto et al, 2013;Nagayama et al, 2018), we designed a handling test that measured active approaches to humans (active tameness) and a reduction in the avoidance of humans (passive tameness) in adult chickens. The handling test was performed using adult chickens (>23 weeks of age) in their home cages.…”

Section: Tameness Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Behavioral tests have been established for measuring fox response to a human observer using a standard four-step test in their home cages (Nelson et al, 2017), rat response of tameness/aggressiveness when confronted with a gloved human hand in a test cage (Albert et al, 2008), and bird fear response toward humans in an arena measuring 100 × 300 × 210 cm (Agnvall, Jongren, Strandberg, & Jensen, 2012). Because tameness is defined as increased interaction of animals with humans and Price (2002) stated that tameness has two behavioral components which are "a measure of the extent to which an individual is reluctant to avoid or motivated to approach humans," we established tameness tests for mice to measure active approaches to humans (active tameness) and a reduction in the avoidance of humans (passive tameness) separately (Goto, Tanave, Moriwaki, Shiroishi, & Koide, 2013;Nagayama et al, 2018). Since there is no example of a behavioral test to measure these kinds of tame behaviors using adult chickens in individual cages, we will introduce a handling test for tameness of adult chickens in this study.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Rapid behavioral assay using handling test provides breed and sex differences in tameness of chickens

et al. 2019

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Background Japanese indigenous chicken breeds are often used to improve meat quality rather than broilers in the Jidori industry. There are sometimes severe crowding accidents caused by many birds frightened by environmental stimuli. To prevent the economic loss, the chickens need to be more gentle, tame, and imperturbable. Methods In this study, a new handling test for tameness in adult chickens in individual cages was performed with 100 birds from each sex of Shamo, Rhode Island Red, Nagoya, Australorp, and Ukokkei, as well as 10 hens of F1 hybrid between Shamo and Rhode Island Red, to measure both active and passive tameness. We counted the number heading toward human hands (heading) and retreating in other directions (avoiding) in both active and passive tameness phases, as well as the number of steps taken (step) during the handling test. Results Male chickens exhibited higher avoidance behavior than females. Nagoya females displayed the lowest level of avoidance behavior, which implies passive tameness. In terms of active tameness, a variety of phenotypes can be obtained in different combinations of breed and sex. These results suggested the handling test will be good method for rapid screening of individual differences in tameness. In addition, there were heterosis effects on avoidance and locomotive behaviors. Since F1 is often used in the Jidori industry, the breeders should be tested not only for meat production but also for tameness. Conclusions In the future, combining both the behavioral screening and the population genomics will establish typical evidence about mechanisms of tameness and domestication in animals.

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Selection for tameness, a key behavioral trait of domestication, increases adult hippocampal neurogenesis in foxes

et al. 2015

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Work on laboratory and wild rodents suggests that domestication may impact on the extent of adult hippocampal neurogenesis and its responsiveness to regulatory factors. There is, however, no model of laboratory rodents and their nondomesticated conspecifics that would allow a controlled comparison of the effect of domestication. Here, we present a controlled within-species comparison of adult hippocampal neurogenesis in farm-bred foxes (Vulpes vulpes) that differ in their genetically determined degree of tameness. Quantitative comparisons of cell proliferation (Ki67) and differentiating cells of neuronal lineage (doublecortin, DCX) in the hippocampus of foxes were performed as a proxy for neurogenesis. Higher neurogenesis was observed in tameness-selected foxes, notably in an extended subgranular zone of the middle and temporal compartments of the hippocampus. Increased neurogenesis is negatively associated with aggressive behavior. Across all animals, strong septotemporal gradients were found, with higher numbers of proliferating cells and young neurons relative to resident granule cells in the temporal than in the septal hippocampus. The opposite gradient was found for the ratio of DCX/Ki67- positive cells. When tameness-selected and unselected foxes are compared with rodents and primates, proliferation is similar, while the number of young neurons is higher. The difference may be mediated by an extended period of differentiation or higher rate of survival. On the background of this species-specific neurogenic pattern, selection of foxes for a single behavioral trait key to domestication, i.e., genetic tameness, is accompanied by global and region-specific increases in neurogenesis.

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Selection for reluctance to avoid humans during the domestication of mice

Cited by 31 publications

References 43 publications

Selective breeding and selection mapping using a novel wild-derived heterogeneous stock of mice revealed two closely-linked loci for tameness

Selective breeding and selection mapping using a novel wild-derived heterogeneous stock of mice revealed two closely-linked loci for tameness

Rapid behavioral assay using handling test provides breed and sex differences in tameness of chickens

Selection for tameness, a key behavioral trait of domestication, increases adult hippocampal neurogenesis in foxes

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