Selection for Yield Improvement in Bambara Groundnut (Vigna subterranea L. Verdc.)

Abstract

Selection as the most practical and economical way of improving yield in an extreme autogamous crop was carried out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications, with thirty three accessions of Bambara groundnut {Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc}. Qualitative characters displayed a reasonable range of variation except for eye pattern, seed shape, pod texture and growth habit. The result on the analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed significant differences (p0.05) for all traits except for plant height, number of leaves per plant and seed length that were statistically insignificant. The principal component analysis result revealed that eight components (Eigen values ≥ 1) accounted for 78.36 % of the phenotypic variance, and quantitative traits revealed more phenotypic variation among the accessions Pearson’s correlation coefficient showed that petiole length (r= 0.64), vigour index (r= 0.49), seed length (r=0.53), canopy width (r=0.38), and internode length (0.58). had a high positive correlation with seed yield. Ranking of the accessions based on significantly strong correlated traits with yield using the rank summation index (RSI) method, and the selection of the best top 5% of the entries identified accessions TVSU 1688 and 1638 with RSI scores of 31 and 43 respectively as the best high yielding Bambara groundnut lines. Correspondingly, accessions TVSU 1688 and 1638 had the highest mean seed yield per plant of 1150.5g and 720.8g respectively in the 3-year field evaluation; which further confirmed the precision of the ranking and selection result. Invariably these two accessions were inherently high yielding Bambara groundnut accessions.

Genetic Variability, Heritability, and Clustering Pattern Exploration of Bambara Groundnut (Vigna subterranea L. Verdc) Accessions for the Perfection of Yield and Yield-Related Traits

“…Moreover, cluster II produced 46.51% higher mean yield than the average grand mean yield of 1049.19 kg/ha followed by cluster IV (16.90%). Considering all the parameter studied, a significant relationship was found between the accessions of cluster II and IV in relation to yield and its contributed traits compared to other groups of accessions and this finding were supported by Onwubiko et al [ 35 ]. On the other hand, FAO in 2014 measured the yield of the Bambara groundnut which is lower than the calculated mean yield (1049.19 kg/ha) in our research.…”

“…Total pod number detected positive and moderate highly significant correlation with yield and positively strong correlation was noted with the number of mature pods, dry seed weight, and hundred seed weight; these results are consistent with the findings of [ 71 ], variation correlation [ 84 ] studies among yield with its related components. Furthermore, previous researches have reported in the notification by Ntundu et al [ 1 ], Ouedraogo et al [ 10 ], Onwubiko et al [ 35 ], and Goli et al [ 37 ] that the significantly positive correlated traits found in this current research were significantly correlated with seed yield in Bambara groundnut. Consistently, these traits can be directly selected for yield improvement.…”

“…Baudoin and Mergeai [ 8 ] reported that the Bambara groundnut is an extreme autogamous crop with cleistogamous flowers [ 34 ]. Many researchers noted that the effective hybridization between two different lines of Bambara groundnut through traditional breeding has not yet been achieved [ 13 , 35 ]. The traditional breeding technique for the enhancement of the Bambara groundnut is slow and problematic due to the long generation time and preponderant homozygous nature of the crop [ 36 ].…”

Exploration of Bambara Groundnut (Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc.), an Underutilized Crop, to Aid Global Food Security: Varietal Improvement, Genetic Diversity and Processing

“…Bambara groundnut differs from cowpea in that the latter bears its long pods above the ground on long robust stems. Distinctive morphological features of Bambara groundnut have been described by several authors [31,73,129,130]. Morphological descriptions used by previous studies were based on criteria defined by The International Plant Genetic Resources Institute IPGRI [74].…”

Uji Daya Hasil Enam Galur Kacang Bogor (Vigna subterranea L. Verdcourt) Pada Musim Penghujan

“…Namun pada panjang biji, galur yang memiliki nilai rata-rata panjang biji yang lebih besar dari pada galur pembanding TVSU 8.6 yakni PWBG 6 dan SS 2.4.2. Menurut Onwubiko et al (2019) menyatakan bahwa panjang polong, lebar polong, dan beserta karakter lainnya seperti jumlah tangkai per tanaman, panjang daun terminal, serta lebar daun terminal memiliki korelasi yang negatif dan tidak nyata terhadap biji. Perbedaan pada panjang polong dapat disebabkan karena adanya faktor genetik dan respon faktor genetik terhadap lingkungan tumbuh (Dias et al, 2018).…”