Selection in the presence of a genotype by environment interaction: response in environmental sensitivity

Kolmodin, Rebecka; Strandberg, E.; Jorjani, H.; Danell, B.

doi:10.1017/s1357729800058604

Cited by 61 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Unfortunately, in the long term, this seems to be an unlikely outcome for a number of reasons. Simulation studies (Kolmodin et al, 2003) and considerations of the costs of plasticity (West-Eberhard, 2003), i.e. maintaining plasticity is itself a life function and thus subject to tradeoff, suggest that selection for increased production will reduce plasticity.…”

Section: Why Do Animals Partition Nutrients?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards a biological basis for predicting nutrient partitioning: the dairy cow as an example

Friggens¹,

Newbold²

2007

Animal

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Prediction of nutrient partitioning is a long-standing problem of animal nutrition that has still not been solved. Another substantial problem for nutritional science is how to incorporate genetic differences into nutritional models. These two problems are linked as their biological basis lies in the relative priorities of different life functions (growth, reproduction, health, etc.) and how they change both through time and in response to genetic selection. This paper presents recent developments in describing this biological basis and evidence in support of the concepts involved as they relate to nutrient partitioning. There is ample evidence that at different stages of the reproductive cycle various metabolic pathways, such as lipolysis and lipogenesis, are up or down regulated. The net result of such changes is that nutrients are channelled to differing extents to different organs, life functions and end-products. This occurs not as a homeostatic function of changing nutritional environment but rather as a homeorhetic function caused by the changing expression of genes for processes such as milk production through time. In other words, the animal has genetic drives and there is an aspect of nutrient partitioning that is genetically driven. Evidence for genetic drives other than milk production is available and is discussed. Genetic drives for other life functions than just milk imply that nutrient partitioning will change through lactation and according to genotype -i.e. it cannot be predicted from feed properties alone. Progress in describing genetic drives and homeorhetic controls is reviewed. There is currently a lack of good genetic measures of physiological parameters. The unprecedented level of detail and amounts of data generated by the advent of microarray biotechnology and the fields of genomics, proteomics, etc. should in the long-term provide the necessary information to make the link between genetic drives and metabolism. However, gene expression, protein synthesis etc, have all been shown to be environmentally sensitive. Thus, a major challenge in realising the potential afforded by this new technology is to be able to be able to distinguish genetically driven and environmentally driven effects on expression. To do this we need a better understanding of the basis for the interactions between genotypes and environments. The biological limitations of traditional evaluation of genotype £ environment interactions and plasticity are discussed and the benefits of considering these in terms of trade-offs between life functions is put forward. Trade-offs place partitioning explicitly at the centre of the resource allocation problem and allow consideration of the effects of management and selection on multiple traits and on nutrient partitioning.Keywords: cattle, genotype environment interaction, nutrient partitioning, plasticity IntroductionIn its broadest sense, the term 'nutrient partitioning' refers to the processes by which available nutrients are channelled, in varying proportions, to different met...

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Section: Why Do Animals Partition Nutrients?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards a biological basis for predicting nutrient partitioning: the dairy cow as an example

Friggens¹,

Newbold²

2007

Animal

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“…Kolmodin et al 2002;Calus & Veerkamp 2003). Optimization of selection programmes considering environmental sensitivity described by a reaction norm has been considered by Kirkpatrick & Bataillon (1999), de Jong & Bijma (2002, Kolmodin et al (2003) and Kolmodin & Bijma (2004).…”

Section: (B) Multiple Control Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Up hill, down dale: quantitative genetics of curvaceous traits

Meyer

Kirkpatrick

2005

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

101

107

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'Repeated' measurements for a trait and individual, taken along some continuous scale such as time, can be thought of as representing points on a curve, where both means and covariances along the trajectory can change, gradually and continually. Such traits are commonly referred to as 'functionvalued' (FV) traits. This review shows that standard quantitative genetic concepts extend readily to FV traits, with individual statistics, such as estimated breeding values and selection response, replaced by corresponding curves, modelled by respective functions. Covariance functions are introduced as the FV equivalent to matrices of covariances.Considering the class of functions represented by a regression on the continuous covariable, FV traits can be analysed within the linear mixed model framework commonly employed in quantitative genetics, giving rise to the so-called random regression model. Estimation of covariance functions, either indirectly from estimated covariances or directly from the data using restricted maximum likelihood or Bayesian analysis, is considered. It is shown that direct estimation of the leading principal components of covariance functions is feasible and advantageous. Extensions to multidimensional analyses are discussed.

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“…Consequently, selection would act favouring specialized animals in the context of selection (Savietto et al, 2015). An intuitive view of this idea, which was proposed by Kolmodin et al (2003), is represented in Figure 0.1. In this figure, the interaction between the phenotype and the environment of two animals is represented by reaction norms.…”

Section: General Introduction S -9 -mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similarly, Kolmodin et al (2003) argued that, in a selection context where GxE exists, animals more sensitive to the environment would be more easily selected. Consequently, selection would act favouring specialized animals in the context of selection (Savietto et al, 2015).…”

Section: General Introduction S -9 -mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…-12 - Figure 0.1 Possible reaction norms of two animals in arbitrary phenotypic and environmental units (adapted from Kolmodin et al, 2003) On the other hand, nutritionists are improving the environment providing better diets adapted to the requirements of selected animals (Ingvartsen, 2006 Figure 0.1, the female represented by the solid line in the environment we classify as good would be better because that female yielded more milk (which theoretically is good for the farmer in short term). However, this comment only refers to one particular trait, milk yield, and ignores the rest.…”

Section: General Introduction S -9 -mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optimization of Resource Allocation to the Genetic Type in Reproductive Rabbit Does

Arnau-Bonachera¹

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AgradecimientosCuando estamos a punto de alcanzar un objetivo muy deseado, muchas veces tenemos la tendencia a creer que la mayor parte del mérito se debe a nuestras propias capacidades. De hecho, no somos conscientes de la influencia de los demás hasta que no reflexionamos profundamente sobre ello. Después de hacerlo, me he dado cuenta de que, a lo largo de mi vida, he tenido la suerte de conocer y poder contar con grandes personas.Vosotros me habéis hecho querer ser mejor cada día, no solo en lo profesional sino también en lo personal. A veces con una idea, a veces con una conversación, a veces con un comportamiento. Después de los casi cinco años que ha durado esta fase de mi vida, puedo decir que no soy la misma persona que cuando empecé. Como muchas veces has dicho Juanjo, entré siendo un chavalín y salgo siendo un hombre, casado y todo. También, creo que puedo decir que este cambio se debe en su mayor parte a las personas que me habéis acompañado durante este periodo. A todos vosotros gracias.Gracias papá por enseñarme que, cuando tenemos que enfrentarnos a un esfuerzo considerable, más vale romperse la cabeza pensando que la espalda trabajando. Gracias mamá por apoyarme y respetar siempre mis decisiones (y por los tuppers que me hicieron sobrevivir durante mucho tiempo). A mis Marías os doy las gracias por entenderme y aceptarme, con mis virtudes y mis defectos (tomándolos con humor), y por hacerme querer ser siempre mejor persona. A mi familia (la de toda la vida y la nueva) y a mis amigos, tanto los que vivís lejos como los que vivís cerquita, porque siempre puedo contar con vosotros.Gracias a todas las personas del departamento de ciencia animal, sin vuestra ayuda no habría sido posible terminar este trabajo. Eugenio y Luis, con vosotros he compartido mucho y gracias a vuestras 'sutiles técnicas' para conseguir almuerzos, me integrasteis como uno más desde el primer día. Además, os doy las gracias porque junto con Javi y con Juan Carlos hacéis posible la realización de las experiencias que se nos ocurren. Davi, Mariola, Ana, Marina, Maricarmen y Pablo, vosotros habéis sido mis compañeros y amigos durante estos años. Ha sido una experiencia extraordinaria en la que todos hemos aprendido de todos. Concha, Enrique y Carlos, vosotros siempre habéis estado disponibles para escucharme y ayudarme siempre que os lo he pedido. Vuestra experiencia y vuestros consejos han sido fundamentales para enfrentarme a los nuevos retos de este año. Tampoco quiero olvidarme de mis compañeros de la universidad Cardenal Herrera CEU. Juanma, David y Laura, ha sido un placer colaborar con vosotros y espero que sigamos haciéndolo en el futuro. Carlos, Mariola, Lorena y especialmente Olga, vosotros me habéis ayudado a empezar esta nueva fase como profesor universitario. Por último y en especial, me gustaría darte las gracias Juanjo por ser mi supervisor, mi mentor, mi amigo. Gracias por todo, especialmente por creer siempre en mí, incluso cuando yo no lo he hecho.

show abstract

Selection in the presence of a genotype by environment interaction: response in environmental sensitivity

Cited by 61 publications

References 32 publications

Towards a biological basis for predicting nutrient partitioning: the dairy cow as an example

Towards a biological basis for predicting nutrient partitioning: the dairy cow as an example

Up hill, down dale: quantitative genetics of curvaceous traits

Optimization of Resource Allocation to the Genetic Type in Reproductive Rabbit Does

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