Selection of battery technology to support grid-integrated renewable electricity

Leadbetter, Jason; Swan, Lukas G.

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2012.05.081

Cited by 166 publications

(91 citation statements)

References 81 publications

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“…Post-lithium ion batteries, including those based on lithium metal and other more abundant materials, are under active investigation. Next-generation battery electrolytes that allow for improved safety, maintained or longer device lifetimes, and that support post-lithium ion platforms are highly desired [1][2][3][4][5][6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ion Transport in Solvent-Free, Crosslinked, Single-Ion Conducting Polymer Electrolytes for Post-Lithium Ion Batteries

et al. 2018

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Solvent-free, single-ion conducting electrolytes are sought after for use in electrochemical energy storage devices. Here, we investigate the ionic conductivity and how this property is influenced by segmental mobility and conducting ion number in crosslinked single-ion conducting polyether-based electrolytes with varying tethered anion and counter-cation types. Crosslinked electrolytes are prepared by the polymerization of poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA), poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether acrylate, and ionic monomers. The ionic conductivity of the electrolytes is measured and interpreted in the context of differential scanning calorimetry and Raman spectroscopy measurements. A lithiated crosslinked electrolyte prepared with PEG 31 DA and (4-styrenesulfonyl)(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (STFSI) monomers is found to have a lithium ion conductivity of 3.2 × 10 −6 and 1.8 × 10 −5 S/cm at 55 and 100 • C, respectively. The percentage of unpaired anions for this electrolyte was estimated at about 23% via Raman spectroscopy. Despite the large variances in metal cation-STFSI binding energies as predicted via density functional theory (DFT) and large variations in ionic conductivity, STFSI-based crosslinked electrolytes with the same charge density and varying cations (Li, Na, K, Mg, and Ca) were estimated to all have unpaired anion populations in the range of 19 to 29%.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ion Transport in Solvent-Free, Crosslinked, Single-Ion Conducting Polymer Electrolytes for Post-Lithium Ion Batteries

et al. 2018

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“…To achieve a sustainable energy requires the consideration of some enabling planning, development and management perspectives, which include the social, technical, economic and the environmental aspects [40]. Though some of the studies have considered the techno-economic aspects, which is an acceptable analysis technique for ascertaining the technical and economic feasibility of the system [1, 4,15,26,37], it is also important to examine the environmental impact of the storage system over the energy system's lifetime. Therefore, this research attempts to consider the critical gap by first introducing an optimal battery technology sizing approach, which is crucial for determining the battery capacity and selecting the suitable battery cells for energy generation applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The study considers the system reliability in terms of loss of power probability (LOPP), which is relates the unmet energy demand with the total energy demand over the year [4]. Obtaining a minimum cost at a given LOPP is an important objective and criterion that informs the technology selection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Battery Storage Technologies for Electrical Applications: Impact in Stand-Alone Photovoltaic Systems

2017

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Batteries are promising storage technologies for stationary applications because of their maturity, and the ease with which they are designed and installed compared to other technologies. However, they pose threats to the environment and human health. Several studies have discussed the various battery technologies and applications, but evaluating the environmental impact of batteries in electrical systems remains a gap that requires concerted research efforts. This study first presents an overview of batteries and compares their technical properties such as the cycle life, power and energy densities, efficiencies and the costs. It proposes an optimal battery technology sizing and selection strategy, and then assesses the environmental impact of batteries in a typical renewable energy application by using a stand-alone photovoltaic (PV) system as a case study. The greenhouse gas (GHG) impact of the batteries is evaluated based on the life cycle emission rate parameter. Results reveal that the battery has a significant impact in the energy system, with a GHG impact of about 36-68% in a 1.5 kW PV system for different locations. The paper discusses new batteries, strategies to minimize battery impact and provides insights into the selection of batteries with improved cycling capacity, higher lifespan and lower cost that can achieve lower environmental impacts for future applications.

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“…In addition, the "cycle efficiency" is the percentage energy hysteresis between charging and discharging. Leadbetter and Swan [15] give a broad and up-to-date overview of the comparison of different battery types that are suitable for renewable energy systems: lead-acid (Pb-A), sodium-sulphur (Na-S), vanadium-redox (VRB), and lithium-ion (Li-Ion). Nickel-based batteries are being gradually phased out due to cost and environmental concerns.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…AllCell Technologies [17] give a worked example comparing lead-acid and lithium-ion technologies, demonstrating that the latter are already better suited to hot climates. Following [15], the relevant properties of the four battery types are summarized in where for lead-acid and lithium-ion batteries the "energy cell" figures have been chosen as opposed to the "power cell" figures, as we want to avoid using large currents for LED lighting. As the lighting load will vary during the year due to daylight, it is assumed that, a suitable MPPT (maximum power point tracking) algorithm is in operation (Ref.…”

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confidence: 99%

Solar-Powered Direct-Current Loads in Small Buildings

Sarnobat¹,

Lannon²

2015

JEPE

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Traditional light bulbs (e.g., incandescent, fluorescent) use too much electricity, convert very little energy into light of sufficient quality and in their production use toxic contaminants. During the last few years, a new type of light source, LED (light emitting diode) bulb, has gained increasing popularity and its costs are set to plunge even further. LED bulbs offer many advantages over traditional sources, and they can be used as a direct replacement to existing lighting. This paper will use a spreadsheet-based analysis with hourly solar data supplied by Ecotect to show that, the efficiency of LED installations can be increased when used in conjunction with photovoltaic modules, as the two generate (and use) DC (direct-current) electricity, thereby eliminating intermediate-level losses in the electronic circuitry. If a storage battery is included, the solar panels generate electricity during the times when the occupants are not necessarily using the lighting, but the stored electricity can be used to power the lighting when the energy is required. The latest results demonstrate that, a slight reduction in the required floor area to be lit allows the solar-battery-LED system to be implemented in small buildings using a storage battery size that is within the range of present commercial devices.

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Selection of battery technology to support grid-integrated renewable electricity

Cited by 166 publications

References 81 publications

Ion Transport in Solvent-Free, Crosslinked, Single-Ion Conducting Polymer Electrolytes for Post-Lithium Ion Batteries

Ion Transport in Solvent-Free, Crosslinked, Single-Ion Conducting Polymer Electrolytes for Post-Lithium Ion Batteries

Battery Storage Technologies for Electrical Applications: Impact in Stand-Alone Photovoltaic Systems

Solar-Powered Direct-Current Loads in Small Buildings

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