Selection of bronze alloys with reduced lead content suitable for outdoor sculptures production

Cristofaro, N. De; Gallese, Fortunata; Laguzzi, Giuseppe; Luvidi, Loredana

doi:10.1016/j.matchemphys.2011.11.053

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Electrochemical techniques, especially Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS), provide unique information about the corrosion behavior of metals [1,2,3] and chemical modification during corrosion/passivation events. Other electrochemical tools, such as polarization techniques, provide information on patina stability [4,5,6] without a direct contact with CH surfaces, because polarization is a destructive method (unlike Polarization Resistance (PR), [7,8,9,10,11,12,13]). Although these are useful techniques and complementary to conventional ones, EIS has been delayed in establishing itself in CH fields, mainly due to in situ analysis requirements (assembling small portable devices) and data interpretation because of few general equivalent circuits (necessary for interpreting results).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smart Electrochemical Portable Tools for Cultural Heritage Analysis: A Review

Valentini

2019

Sensors

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Protecting Cultural Heritage (CH) from corrosion and other environmental damages, mainly involving metallic or organic layers contained in artwork, represents a major challenge for conservation scientists. Electrochemical techniques provide useful information about the deterioration effects of metallic coatings and organic layers. Recently, Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) has been successfully applied in the study of metallic corrosion. However, EIS has not succeeded in becoming a routine technique, due to problems regarding both instrumental apparatus (which is not ideal for in situ analysis, especially with previous cell configurations), and the difficulty with data processing. At the same time, new portable electrochemical sensors, immunosensors, and biosensors have successfully made a scientific impact, mainly with in situ diagnosis of organic components contained in CH objects. For this purpose, this review presents two sections: the first describes the analytical optimization of impedance electrochemical cell geometries that are suitable for in situ metal-coating investigation; the second reports on the assembly of small electrochemical sensors, immunosensors, and biosensors, which useful for in situ organic layer characterization. This overview summarizes the state of the art regarding the application of electrochemical techniques and small electrochemical devices as alternative tools for the understanding of CH.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smart Electrochemical Portable Tools for Cultural Heritage Analysis: A Review

Valentini

2019

Sensors

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“…Copper and copper-based alloys are widely used in a great variety of applications, such as heat exchangers, building construction, electronics, coinage, art works, cultural objects and statues (Zhang et al , 2003). However, when they are exposed to an urban polluted environment such as acid rain, bells, statues and all copper-based alloys suffer from an acceleration of the corrosion phenomena that occur in their surfaces (Bostan et al , 2012; Dermaj et al , 2007; Picciochi et al , 2004; De Cristofaro et al , 2012; Chen et al , 2015; Zohdy et al , 2014; Sidot et al , 2006; Milosev et al , 2010; Bernardi et al , 2009, Brunoro et al , 2003; Muresan et al , 2007; Laguzzi and Luvidi, 2010; Morselli et al , 2004). One practice very often used to prevent copper alloys corrosion is the use of corrosion inhibitors, most of the times organic compounds which contain heteroatoms in their structure such as sulfur, nitrogen and oxygen (Varvara et al , 2008; Marusic et al , 2011; Nazeer et al , 2014; Wang et al , 2013; Rahmouni et al , 2009; Balbo et al , 2012; Wang et al , 2004; Zhang et al , 2004; Khaled et al , 2004; El-Sayed, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use ofSalvia hispanicaas an eco-friendly corrosion inhibitor for bronze in acid rain

Larios-Galvez

Porcayo-Calderón

Salinas-Bravo

et al. 2017

ACMM

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Purpose The purpose of this research paper was to investigate the use of methanolic extract of Salvia hispanica (S. hispanica) as a green corrosion inhibitor for bronze in a simulated acid rain solution. Design/methodology/approach Extract of S. hispanica was used as a green corrosion inhibitor for bronze in simulated acid rain solution. Electrochemical techniques such as potentiodynamic polarization curves, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and electrochemical noise were used. Parameters such as polarization, charge transfer and noise resistance (Rp, Rct and Rn, respectively) were calculated. Findings Results showed that the extract acts as a good, anodic type of inhibitor. The inhibitor efficiency increased with increasing its concentration up to 400 ppm, decreasing beyond this concentration. Efficiency also increased with an increase in the immersion time. The inhibition was due to the adsorption of components found in the S. hispanica extract following a Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Practical implications S. hispanica extract can be used as a corrosion inhibitor for bronze in acid rain solution. Originality/value This study provides new information on the inhibition features of S. hispanica under specific conditions. This eco-friendly inhibitor could find applications to protect bronze exposed to polluted urban atmospheres.

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“…Tin bronzes are characterized by satisfactory physical, chemical and mechanical properties, such as high strength, high wear, corrosion resistance, high thermal and electrical conductivities are widely used for bearing applications in the as-cast condition [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]. Owing to their good performance, the tin element is added to copper increases the hardness and strength of tin bronzes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamical mechanism of formation of Fe nanoparticles in Tin bronze alloys

Chen

Zhang

Zuo

et al. 2013

2013 13th IEEE International Conference on Nanotechnology (IEEE-NANO 2013)

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The dynamical mechanism of formation of nanoparticles during the solidification of molten Tin bronze melt is investigated. Since the melting depth phenomenon occurs immediately after nucleation during the initial stage of solidification under the influence of anisotropic surface tension, some parts on the surface of the Fe nucleus move first inward up to a melting depth distance, then start to move outward with other parts. The melting depth induced by the anisotropic surface tension leads to that the inner diameter of the Fe nucleus is less than two times its critical radius for nucleation and some parts present weaker strength than other parts. When a forced flow by stirring and centrifugal means etc. is exerted on the molten Tin bronze melt, the Fe nucleus is dragged or distorted when it grows, and then the Fe nucleus is broken into more fine Fe nanoparticles. Due to the interaction between the convection and the anisotropy of surface tension, a great number of Fe nanoparticles form during the solidification of molten Tin bronze melt and dispersedly strengthen the Tin bronze alloys.

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Selection of bronze alloys with reduced lead content suitable for outdoor sculptures production

Cited by 9 publications

References 11 publications

Smart Electrochemical Portable Tools for Cultural Heritage Analysis: A Review

Smart Electrochemical Portable Tools for Cultural Heritage Analysis: A Review

Use ofSalvia hispanicaas an eco-friendly corrosion inhibitor for bronze in acid rain

Dynamical mechanism of formation of Fe nanoparticles in Tin bronze alloys

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