“…Cryoprotectant can penetrate the cell and make it dehydrated, protecting cells against the formation of intracellular ice crystals and impeding the reordering of water molecules F I G U R E 3 Effects of cryoprotectants type (DMSO, MET, PG, EG) and concentration (5, 10, 20, 30%) on velocity parameters (VCL, VSL, VAP) of the noble Scallop Chlamys nobilis [Colour figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com] around super cold nuclei (Leung, 1991). Cryoprotectants are toxic to cells, especially at high concentrations, thus, the optimal cryoprotectant concentration should be a balance between its cryoprotective and toxic effects (Elliott, Wang, & Fuller, 2017;Nascimento et al, 2005). Therefore, a prudent first step is to screen permeability and low toxicity cryoprotectants for a particular cryopreservation protocol.…”