Selection of Portable Spectrometers for Planetary Exploration: A Comparison of 532 nm and 785 nm Raman Spectroscopy of Reduced Carbon in Archean Cherts

Harris, Lorraine; Hutchinson, Ian; Ingley, Richard; Marshall, Craig P.; Marshall, Alison Olcott; Edwards, Howell G. M.

doi:10.1089/ast.2014.1220

Cited by 21 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…This OM is interpreted to reside in the nano-pores and void spaces of Py1 and Py2. The relative heights and shapes of disorder-induced 'D' (∼1315 Δcm -1 ) and or-der-induced 'G' (∼1600 Δcm -1 ) Raman bands of the OM are consistent with literature data of thermally mature Archean OM elsewhere in the Dresser Formation (Harris et al, 2015). This characteristic precludes an origin of OM in the stromatolites from post-metamorphic contamination.…”

Section: Organic Matter In Sulfidesupporting

confidence: 89%

Nano−porous pyrite and organic matter in 3.5-billion-year-old stromatolites record primordial life

Baumgartner

Kranendonk

Wacey

et al. 2019

Geology

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Stromatolites of the ∼3.5 billion-year-old Dresser Formation (Pilbara Craton, Western Australia) are considered to be some of Earth’s earliest convincing evidence of life. However, uniquely biogenic interpretations based on surface outcrops are precluded by weathering, which has altered primary mineralogy and inhibited the preservation of microbial remains. Here, we report on exceptionally preserved, strongly sulfidized stromatolites obtained by diamond drilling from below the weathering profile. These stromatolites lie within undeformed hydrothermal-sedimentary strata and show textural features that are indicative of biogenic origins, including upward-broadening and/or upward-branching digitate forms, wavy to wrinkly laminae, and finely laminated columns that show a thickening of laminae over flexure crests. High-resolution textural, mineralogical, and chemical analysis reveals that the stromatolites are dominated by petrographically earliest, nano-porous pyrite that contains thermally mature, N-bearing organic matter (OM). This nano-porous pyrite is consistent with a formation via sulfidization of an originally OM-dominated matrix. Evidence for its relationship with microbial communities are entombed OM strands and filaments, whose microtexture and chemistry are consistent with an origin as mineralized biofilm remains, and carbon isotope data of extracted OM (δ13COM = −29.6‰ ± 0.3‰ VPDB [Vienna Peedee belemnite]), which lie within the range of biological matter. Collectively, our findings provide exceptional evidence for the biogenicity of some of Earth’s oldest stromatolites through preservation of OM, including microbial remains, by sulfidization.

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Section: Organic Matter In Sulfidesupporting

confidence: 89%

Nano−porous pyrite and organic matter in 3.5-billion-year-old stromatolites record primordial life

Baumgartner

Kranendonk

Wacey

et al. 2019

Geology

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“…This band results from the movement of the oxygen atom in a Si-O-Si, a totally symmetric stretching mode. This band indicates the presence of crystalline silica (SiO 2 ) [13]. We observed similar bands at other spots of the Shivalinga.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 80%

Raman Spectroscopic Study of Valuable Idols from UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Kathmandu, Nepal

Katuwal¹,

Acharya²,

Bashyal³

et al. 2020

J. Nep. Phys. Soc.

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As an important step towards the conservation of valuable world heritage assets in Kathmandu, we performed Raman spectral studies on several valuable idols located in UNESCO World Heritage Sites for internal identification purposes. A spectrum of a stone idol in the Mohankali Chowk has a major band at 1093.5 cm-1 which may be identified as a C-O stretching vibration within the carbonate groups of CaCO3. The Raman spectra of a bull situated in the same Chowk has two major bands at the wavenumbers of 1812.7 and 3552.4 cm-1 which are assigned as combined vibrational modes of CO3 and hydroxyl stretching band, respectively. Similarly, the spectrum of a Shivalinga located at Pashupati Bankali has a major band at 467.7 cm-1. This band is formed by the movement of the oxygen atom in Si-O-Si, which is a symmetric stretching mode indicating the presence of crystalline silica (SiO2) in the Shivalinga. The Raman spectrum of Lord Changunarayan in Garuda located in the Changunarayan temple premises has a strong band at the wavenumber 462.6 cm-1, denoting the presence of quartz (SiO2).

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“…A similar argument was made for the width of the D1 peak (FWHM(D1)) as correlated to maturity [52] and showing a good correlation with burial temperature down to 150 °C. However, when a non-negligible fraction of H is within a non-aromatic structure in OM, this correlation no longer applies [6,37,61] or at least is not necessarily expected. Indeed, when D1/(G+D2) vs H:C is plotted for the PPRG sample set (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid, direct and non-destructive assessment of fossil organic matter via microRaman spectroscopy

Ferralis

Matys

Knoll

et al. 2016

Carbon

135

110

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Raman spectroscopy is widely used to evaluate the nature and potential origins of carbonaceous matter in Earth's oldest rocks and minerals. It is also the tool that will be used for organic detection on the next vehicles to remotely explore the surface of Mars.Here we present, for the first time, a novel quantitative method in which previously neglected Raman spectral features are correlated directly, linearly, and with excellent accuracy, to the microchemistry of carbonaceous materials through the elemental H:C ratio, regardless of contamination. We show applicability and predictive capabilities of this methodology in evaluating H:C ratios between 0.01 and 0.65 in Archean and type III kerogens. We demonstrate its application to chemical microRaman mapping by statistical analysis of a 750Ma microfossil and its encompassing sediments. Raman-derived H:C data can also be used to estimate the degree to which kerogen C-isotopic data has been shifted from its original values due to the effects of metamorphism. The new methodology directly and non-invasively affords spatially resolved assessments of organic matter preservation and microscale chemical diversity within any geologically 2 preserved terrestrial or extraterrestrial sample, including in the use of organic matter in technological applications.

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Selection of Portable Spectrometers for Planetary Exploration: A Comparison of 532 nm and 785 nm Raman Spectroscopy of Reduced Carbon in Archean Cherts

Cited by 21 publications

References 51 publications

Nano−porous pyrite and organic matter in 3.5-billion-year-old stromatolites record primordial life

Nano−porous pyrite and organic matter in 3.5-billion-year-old stromatolites record primordial life

Raman Spectroscopic Study of Valuable Idols from UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Kathmandu, Nepal

Rapid, direct and non-destructive assessment of fossil organic matter via microRaman spectroscopy

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